Incarnational Ministry and Christology: A Reappropriation of the Way of Lowliness

Abstract

This essay seeks to show that the critics of incarnational ministry point to missiological problems that are ultimately christological in origin. Examining the work of Orlando Costas as an example, this essay argues that he follows Jürgen Moltmann in decisive ways that undermine his attempt to ground positive norms beyond being “with” the poor and oppressed. In contrast, theological and missiological reflection on the Incarnation should take the path of Chalcedon with a two-natures Christology, without a “mixture” of natures. Karl Barth in particular shows the theological and missiological potential of a Chalcedonian Christology, which maintains the biblical challenge toward the way of lowliness while recovering the vivifying direction for the Christian life and mission.