The phenomenon of burn-out is examined and defined. Behavioral symptoms such as increased defensiveness, increased risk taking, rigidity, and suspiciousness are discussed as are physical symptoms of exhaustion, fatigue, headaches, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Factors including dispositional attribution and pluralistic ignorance which increase the chance of burn-out are described. The available published literature on burn-out is classified into anecdotal, experimental, theoretical, and prescriptive studies and then critically reviewed. These findings are compared with a similar constellation of symptoms identified in prior research with problems of clergy. A case is made comparing the symptoms and strains of ministers to other professionals who have been identified as burned out. Preventive and treatment recommendations on individual and systems levels are made. A theoretical framework for further research on burn-out in ministers is also suggested.
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