Recent shifts in student composition have shaped and will shape community college mission and policies. Community college faculty and administrators should be aware of enrollment shifts, changing admissions standards, and fluctuating age, gender composition, and racial and ethnic identities of students. This review of the literature discusses these findings as well as student assessment and placement, student success and retention, and postcollege earnings.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Andrews, H.A. (2000). Lessons learned from current state and national dual-credit programs. (pp. 31-39) In J.C. Palmer (Ed.), How Can Community Colleges Create Productive Collaborations with Local Schools? New Directions for Community Colleges, No. 111.
2.
Armstrong, W.B. (2000). The association among student success in courses, placement test scores, student background data, and instructor grading practices. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 24 (8), 681-695.
3.
Azinger, A. (2000). A K-12 perspective on partnerships with community colleges. (pp. 17-21). In J.C. Palmer (Ed.), How Can Community Colleges Create Productive Collaborations with Local Schools? New Directions for Community Colleges, No. Ill.
4.
Bell, S. (1998). College transfer students: A Canadian case. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22 (1), 21-37.
5.
Blau, J.R. (1999). Two-year college transfer rates of black American students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 23 (5), 525-531.
6.
Boswell, K. (2000). Building bridges or barriers? Public policies that facilitate or impede linkages between community colleges and local school districts.(pp. 3-15). In J.C. Palmer (Ed.), How Can Community Colleges Create Productive Collaborations with Local Schools? New Directions for Community Colleges, No. 111.
7.
Cejda, B.D., Rewey K.L., & Kaylor, A.J. (1998). The effect of academic factors on transfer student persistence and graduation: A community college to liberal arts college case study. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22 (7), 675-686.
8.
Cohen, A.M., & Brawer, F. (1996). The American community college. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
9.
Davies, T.G., & Casey, K. (1999). Transfer student experiences: Comparing their academic and social lives at the community college and university. College Student Journal, 33 (1), 60-71.
10.
Foote, E. (1997). Community colleges: General information and resources. ERIC Digest. Los Angeles, California: ERIC Clearinghouse for Community Colleges. (ERIC Reproduction Service Document No. ED 411 929)
11.
Fusch, G.E. (1996). The community college of the 21st century. British Columbia: Canada. (ERIC Reproduction Service Document No. ED 417 771)
12.
Gerald, D.E. (1998). Chapter 2: Higher education enrollment. National Center for Education Statistics: Projections of Education Statistics to 2008. [On-line]. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Education. Available: http.//nces.ed.gov/pubs/pj2008/p98cO2.html
13.
Glass, J.C., & Bunn, C.E. (1998). Length of time required to graduate for community college students transferring to senior institutions. Community College Jour nal of Research and Practice, 22 (3), 239-263.
14.
Goldsmith, D.J., & Archambault, F.X. (1997). Persistence of adult women in a community college re-entry program. Connecticut: United States. (ERIC Reproduction Service Document No. ED 409 958)
15.
Hagedorn, L.S., Maxwell, W., Rodriguez, P., Hocevar, D., & Fillpot, J. (2000). Peer and student-faculty relations in community colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 24 (7), 587-598.
16.
Hagedorn, L.S., Maxwell W., Hampton, P. (2001). Correlates of retention for African American males in community colleges. Journal of College Student Retention Research, Theory, and Practice, 3 (3).
17.
Harris, B.W. (1998). Looking inward: Building a culture for student success. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22 (4), 401-418.
18.
Johnson, L.G., Schwartz, R.A., & Bower, B.L. (2000). Managing stress among adult women students in community colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 24 (4), 289-300.
19.
Laanan, F.S. (1998). "Descriptive analysis of students' post-college earnings from California community colleges." (pp. 77-87). In J.R Sanchez and F.S. Laanan (Eds.), Determining the Economic Benefits of Attending Community College. New Directions for Community Colleges, No. 104.
20.
Lords, E. (1999, November 12). More community colleges are building dormitories. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
21.
Lords, E. (2000, April 15). Many students are returning to 2-year colleges for technical training, a survey finds. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
22.
Manuanane-Drechsel, T., and Hagedorn, L.S. (2000). Correlates of retention for Asian Pacific Americans in community colleges. The case for Hawaiian stu dents. Journal of Research and Practice, 24 (8), 639-656.
23.
Maxwell, W.E. (2000). Student peer relations at a community college. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 24 (3), 207-217.
24.
Murrell, S.P., Denzine G., & Murrell, P.H. (1998). Community college residence halls: A hidden treasure. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22 (7), 663-674.
25.
Napoli, A.R., & Wortman, P.M. (1998). Psychosocial factors related to retention and early departure of two-year community college students. Research in Higher Education, 39 (4), 419-455.
26.
National Center for Education Statistics. (1999). Digest of Education Statistics. [Online]. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Education. Available on the World Wide Web: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2OOO/digest99/listoftables.html.
27.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2000). Digest of Education Statistics. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Education.
28.
Nora, A. (2000). Reexamining the community college mission. New Expeditions: Charting the Second Century of Community Colleges. Issues Paper No. 2. American Association of Community Colleges: Washington, D.C..(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 438 871)
29.
Palmer, J. (1998). Fostering student retention and success at the community college. [On-line]. A Policy Paper. Denver, Colorado: Education Commission of the States, Center for Community College Policy. (ERIC Reproduction Service Document No. ED 439 768). Available:http://www.communitycollegepolicy.org/html/publications.htm.
30.
Phelan, D.J. (2000). Enrollment policy and student access at community colleges. A Policy Paper. Denver Colorado: Education Commission of the States, Center for Community College Policy.
31.
Phillippe, K.A., & Patton, M. (1999). National Profile of Community Colleges: Trends and Statistics. 3rd Edition. Washington, D.C.: Community College Press, American Association of Community Colleges. (ERIC Reproduction Service Document NO. ED 440 671).
32.
Reisburg, L. (1998). Some professors question programs that allow high-school stu dents to earn college credits. Chronicle of Higher Education, 44 (42), A39-A40.
33.
Rendon L. (2000). Fulfilling the promise of access and opportunity: Collaborative community colleges for the 21st century. New Expeditions: Charting the Second Century of Community Colleges. Issues Paper No. 3. American Associa tion of Community Colleges: Washington, D.C. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 440 670)
34.
Sanchez, J.R., and Laanan, F.S. (1998, May). Assessing the post-college earnings of students: Benefits of attending California community colleges. Paper presented at the AIR 1998 Annual Forum, Minneapolis, Minnesota. (ERIC Reproduction Service Document No. ED 422 822).
35.
Sanchez, J.R., Laanan, F.S., & Wiseley, W.C. (1999). Post-college earnings of former students of California community colleges: Methods, analysis, and implications. Research in Higher Education, 40 (1), 87-113.
36.
Shaw, K.M., & London, H.B. (1995, November). Negotiating class and cultural boundries: Toward an expanded definition of the transfer process. Paper presented at the ASHE Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida. (ERIC Reproduction Document Service No. ED 391 432)
37.
Striplin, J.J. (1999). Facilitating transfer for first-generation community college stu dents. ERIC Digest. Los Angeles, California: ERIC Clearinghouse for Community Colleges. (ERIC Reproduction Service Document No. ED 430 627)
38.
Swigart, T.E., & Ethington, C.E. (1998). Ethnic differences in estimates of gains made by community college students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22 (8), 703-713.
39.
Townsend, B.K. (2000). Rationales of community colleges for enrolling reverse transfer students: A second chance for whom?Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 24 (4), 301-311.
40.
Vazquez, L.A., & Garcia-Vazquez, E. (1998). The impact of a differential social power system on Latinos' attitudes toward the high school and the community college experience. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22 (5), 531-540.
41.
Voorhees, R.A., & Zhou, D. (2000). Intentions and goals at the community college: Associating student perceptions and demographics. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 24 (3), 219-232.