There is a need to better understand the measurement of hope within a variety of cross-cultural contexts and older population. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Persian translation of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-Persian). This study used a sample of 500 Iranian older people in Iran. Psychometric properties of the HHI-Persian were evaluated using face, content, and construct validity. The construct validity of the instrument was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability assessed is within the acceptable range. Construct validity of the scale showed two factors explaining 49.22% of the variance. Internal consistency of 12 items was greater than .70. The HHI-Persian is a short, reliable, and valid assessment scale of hope in older people. The article ends with suggestions for further research.
AbdiN.LariM. A. (2011).
Standardization of three hope scales, as possible measures at the end of life, in Iranian population. Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention,
4(2), 71–77.
2.
AhadzadehA. S.Pahlevan SharifS.OngF. S.KhongK. W. (2015).
Integrating health belief model and technology acceptance model: An investigation of health-related internet use. Journal of Medical Internet Research,
17(2), e45. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3564
3.
BenzeinE.BergA. (2003).
The Swedish version of Herth Hope Index–An instrument for palliative care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences,
17(4), 409–415. doi: 410.1046/j.0283-9318.2003.00247.x
4.
ChanK. S.LiH. C.ChanS. W.LopezV. (2012).
Herth Hope Index: Psychometric testing of the Chinese version. Journal of Advanced Nursing,
68(9), 2079–2085. doi: 2010.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05887.x
5.
CiarrochiJ.ParkerP.KashdanT. B.HeavenP. C.BarkusE. (2015).
Hope and emotional well-being: A six-year study to distinguish antecedents, correlates, and consequences. The Journal of Positive Psychology,
10(6), 520–532. doi: 510.1080/17439760.17432015.11015154
6.
CodutiW. A.SchoenB. (2014).
Hope model: A method of goal attainment with rehabilitation services clients. Journal of Rehabilitation,
80(2), 30.
7.
ÇoklukÖ.KoçakD. (2016).
Using horn's parallel analysis method in exploratory factor analysis for determining the number of factors. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,
16(2), 537–551.
8.
ColtonD.CovertR. W. (2007). Designing and constructing instruments for social research and evaluation.
Hoboken, NJ:
John Wiley & Sons.
9.
CoxT.FergusonE. (1994).
Measurement of the subjective work environment. Work and Stress,
8(2), 98–109.
10.
DanialZ.MotamediM. H.MirhashemiS.KazemiA.MirhashemiA. H. (2014).
Ageing in Iran. TheLancet,
384(9958), 1927. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62278-9
11.
de OliveiraL. M.SilvaS. M.LimaE. F. A.GomesM. G. C.OlympioP. C. A. P. (2018).
The life hope of elderly: Profile assessment and Herth scale. Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online,
10(1), 167–172.
12.
Dufault, K., & Martocchio, B. C. (1985). Symposium on compassionate care and the dying experience. Hope: its spheres and dimensions. The Nursing Clinics of North America, 20(2), 379–391.
13.
FloydF. J.WidamanK. F. (1995).
Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment,
7(3), 286.
14.
FolkmanS. (2013). Stress, coping, and hope. In B. I. Carr & J. Steel (Eds), Psychological aspects of cancer (pp. 119–127). New York, NY: Springer.
15.
GeiserF.ZajackowskiK.ConradR.ImbierowiczK.WegenerI.HerthK. A.UrbachA. S. (2015).
The German version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-D): Development and psychometric properties. Oncology Research and Treatment,
38(7–8), 356–360. doi: 10.1159/000435900
16.
HairJ. F.Jr.BlackW. C.BabinB. J.AndersonR. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.).
Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall.
17.
HarringtonD. (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis.
Cary, NC:
Oxford University Press.
18.
HerthK. (1991).
Development and refinement of an instrument to measure hope. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice,
5(1), 39–51; discussion 53–56.
19.
HerthK. (1992).
Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: Development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing,
17(10), 1251–1259. doi: 1210.1111/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01843.x
20.
HiranoY.SakitaM.YamazakiY.KawaiK.SatoM. (2007).
The Herth Hope Index (HHI) and related factors in the Japanese general urban population. Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology,
73(1), 31–43. doi: 10.3861/jshhe.3873.3831
21.
JorritsmaW.de VriesG. E.DijkstraP. U.GeertzenJ. H.RenemanM. F. (2012).
Neck pain and disability scale and neck disability index: Validity of Dutch language versions. European Spine Journal,
21(1), 93–100. doi: 110.1007/s00586-00011-01920-00585
22.
KoizumiM.ItoM.MoriY.MiyamotoM. (1999).
Development of a Japanese version of the Herth Hope Index.The Kitakanto Medical Journal,
49(4), 277–282. doi: 210.2974/kmj.2949.2277
23.
MeyersM. C.van WoerkomM.BakkerA. B. (2013).
The added value of the positive: A literature review of positive psychology interventions in organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,
22(5), 618–632. doi: 610.1080/1359432X.1352012.1694689
24.
Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical methods for health care research. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
25.
Phillips-SalimiC. R.HaaseJ. E.KintnerE. K.MonahanP. O.AzzouzF. (2007).
Psychometric properties of the Herth Hope Index in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Journal of Nursing Measurement,
15(1), 3–23. doi: 10.1891/106137407780851769
26.
RaoprasertT.IslamS. M. N. (2010). Designing an efficient management system: Modeling of convergence factors exemplified by the case of Japanese businesses in Thailand. USA: Springer.
27.
RipamontiC. I.BuonaccorsoL.MaruelliA.BandieriE.BoldiniS.PessiM. A., . . . MiccinesiG. (2012).
Hope Herth Index (HHI): A validation study in Italian patients with solid and hematological malignancies on active cancer treatment. Tumori,
98(3), 385–392. doi: 10.1700/1125.12409
28.
SagginoA.KlineP. (1996).
Item factor analysis of the Italian version of the death anxiety scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology,
52(3), 329–333. doi: 310.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199605)199652:199603<199329::AID-JCLP199611>199603.199600.CO;199602-K
29.
SartoriusN.KuykenW. (1994). Translation of health status instruments Quality of life assessment: International perspectives (pp. 3–18).
Berlin, Germany:
Springer-Verlag.
30.
SchrankB.WoppmannA.SibitzI.LauberC. (2011).
Development and validation of an integrative scale to assess hope. Health Expectations,
14(4), 417–428. doi: 410.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00645.x
31.
Sharif NiaH.Pahlevan SharifS.GoudarzianA. H.HaghdoostA. A.EbadiA.SoleimaniM. A. (2016).
An evaluation of psychometric properties of the templer’s death anxiety scale-extended among a sample of Iranian chemical warfare veterans. Hayat,
22(3), 229–244.
32.
Sharif NiaH.Pahlevan SharifS.LehtoR. H.BoyleC.YaghoobzadehA.KavehO.GoudarzianA. H. (2017).
Development and psychometric evaluation of a Persian version of the death depression scale-revised: A cross-cultural adaptation for patients with advanced cancer. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology,
47(8), 713–719. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyx065
33.
SnyderC.ForsythD. R. (1991). Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective.
Elmsford, NY:
Pergamon Press.
34.
SoundyA.CondonN. (2015).
Patients experiences of maintaining mental well-being and hope within motor neuron disease: A thematic synthesis. Frontiers in Psychology,
6, 606. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00606
35.
SoundyA.LilesC.StubbsB.RoskellC. (2014).
Identifying a framework for hope in order to establish the importance of generalised hopes for individuals who have suffered a stroke. Advances in Medicine,
2014, 471874. doi: 10.1155/2014/471874
36.
TabachnickB. G.FidellL. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics.
London, England:
Pearson Education.
37.
Van Gestel-TimmermansH.Van Den BogaardJ.BrouwersE.HerthK.Van NieuwenhuizenC. (2010).
Hope as a determinant of mental health recovery: A psychometric evaluation of the Herth Hope Index-Dutch version. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences,
24(Suppl 1), 67–74. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00758.x
38.
WahlA. K.RustoenT.LerdalA.HanestadB. R.KnudsenO.Jr.MoumT. (2004).
The Norwegian version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-N): A psychometric study. Palliative & Supportive Care,
2(3), 255–263. doi: 210.1017/S1478951504040349
39.
WaltzC. F.StricklandO. L.LenzE. R. (2017). Measurement in nursing and health research (5th ed.).
New York, NY:
Springer Publishing Company.
YaghoobzadehA.GorguluO.YeeB.-L.WibisonoA. H.Pahlevan SharifS.Sharif NiaH.AllenK. A. (2018).
A model of aging perception in Iranian elders with effects of hope, life satisfaction, and socioeconomic status: A path analysis. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association,
24, 522–530. doi:10.1177/1078390317753676
42.
YarcheskiA.MahonN. E.YarcheskiT. J.CannellaB. L. (2004).
A meta-analysis of predictors of positive health practices. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,
36(2), 102–108. doi:110.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04021.x
