James Stimson, "Perspectives on Representation: Asking the Right Questions and Getting the Right Answers," in The Oxford Handbook on Political Behavior , ed. Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007), 861. See also Christopher Wlezien and Stuart Soroka, "The Relationship Between Public Opinion and Policy," ibid.: "despite ongoing concerns about the ignorance and irrationality of voters, a growing body of recent work shows that the average citizen may be more informed than initially thought," p. 812.
2.
Jean Jacques Rousseau, "On the Social Contract," in The Basic Political Writings , ed. Donald A. Cress ( Indianapolis: Hackett, 1987), original 1762.
3.
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers, (Washington: Library of Congress), #10, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fedpapers.html (accessed November 11, 2009), original 1788.
4.
James Mill, "Government," in Terence Ball, ed., James Mill: Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 8.
5.
Ibid., para. 23.
6.
Quoted in Philip Schofield, Utility and Democracy: The Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press), 101.
7.
Ibid., 298, in reference to Jeremy Bentham, First Principles Preparatory to Constitutional Code (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1989), 144, original 1822.
8.
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (London: Penguin , 2003), 230, vol. 1, pt. 1, chap. 5; original 1835.
9.
Considerations on Representative Government, in Collected Works of John Stuart Mill (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977), vol. 19; original 1861.
10.
James Bryce, American Commonwealth, vol. 2, chaps. 76-87 (Indianapolis : Liberty Fund, 1995), 911; original 1888.
11.
See J.S. McClelland, The Crowd and the Mob: From Plato to Canetti (London: Unwin Hyman, 1989).
12.
James Mill, "Government,"25; Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, The Federalist Papers, #57.
13.
Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, The Federalist Papers, #63.
