Toward the Prediction and Stimulation of Creativity

Abstract

In this article, various conceptions of creativity are briefly considered, the assumption that findings relating to one type of creativity may be generalized to another is questioned, a pattern of characteristics and experiences that are typical of eminent productive creators is focused on, and some of the implications for the prediction and promotion of productive creativity are pointed out. In combination, consistent findings of various types of past research seem to form a pattern. They suggest that three factors, acting in concert, contribute to the development of the persistent motivation that is typical of productive creators: (a) values relating to intellectual achievement; (b) precocious development of basic ability in a relevant domain; and (c) stress. These influences apparently cause a tendency to engage in independent intellectual pursuits which offer palliation, afford a sense of control, build a wider repertoire of skill and knowledge than is usually gained through adherence to a curriculum, and establish a habit of working alone. Among the implications of findings relating to eminent creators is that creativity may best be predicted by creative mentors in the relevant field and is promoted by development of skill, intellectual values and high standards, rather than freedom from discipline or evaluation.