The JSAIS defines five composite scales — the GIQ, VIQ, PIQ, Numerical and Memory scales — for which norm tables are provided. Additionally a method for calculating the norms of an arbitrarily defined set of subtests, the so-called Deviation Score, has been described in the JSAIS manual (Madge, 1981). Bias is found to be present in both of these forms of composite norms. A revision is provided.
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