Human immunodeficiency virus is one of the trauma-inducing chronic illnesses with attendant-negative impact on health-related quality of life. Substantial literature exists on the association of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and health-related quality of life among people living with human immunodeficiency virus, but little is known about the pathways explaining this link. This study therefore examined the mediating role of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and health-related quality of life among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Nine hundred and sixty-nine people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Nigeria who were on antiretroviral therapy completed measures of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and health-related quality of life. Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to analyse the data. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy mediated the association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and health-related quality of life in the relationship and treatment impact domains, implying that poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a pathway through which posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms exert negative influence on health-related quality of life of people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Interventions aimed at reducing the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms on quality of life of people living with human immunodeficiency virus should focus on improving clients’ level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy treatment.
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