Bailey, Guy . 1987. Are Black and White Vernaculars Diverging? Papers from the NWAVE-XIV Panel Discussion. American Speech62:32-40.
2.
Bailey, Guy , and Patricia Cukor-Avila. 1997. Grammatical Ambiguity and Grammatical Reanalysis inAAVE. Paper presented at NewWays of AnalyzingVariation26, October, Québec, Canada.
3.
Bailey, Guy , and Natalie Maynor. 1987. Decreolization?Language in Society16:449-473.
4.
Bailey, Guy , and Patricia Cukor-Avila. 1989. The Divergence Controversy. American Speech64:12-39.
5.
Bailey, Guy , Natalie Maynor, and Patricia Cukor-Avila. 1989. Variation in Subject-Verb Concord in Early Modern English. Language Variation and Change1:285-310.
6.
Bailey, Guy , Natalie Maynor, and Patricia Cukor-Avila. 1991. The Emergence of Black English: Text and Commentary. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
7.
Baugh, John. 1979. Linguistic Style Shifting in Black English. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
8.
Baugh, John . 1980. A Reexamination of the Black English Copula. In Locating Language in Time and Space, edited by William Labov, 83-106. New York: Academic Press.
9.
Baugh, John . 1983. Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure, and Survival. Austin: University of Texas Press.
10.
Bhat, D. N. S.1994. The Adjectival Category: Criteria for Differentiation and Identification. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
11.
Blake, Renée . 1997. Defining the Envelope of Linguistic Variation: The Case of “Don’t Count” Forms in the Copula Analysis of African American Vernacular English. Language Variation and Change9:57-79.
12.
Cukor-Avila, Patricia. 1995. The Evolution ofAAVE in a Rural Texas Community: An Ethnolinguistic Study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
13.
Cukor-Avila, Patricia . 1997. Change and Stability in the Use of Verbal -sover Time in AAVE. In Englishes around theWorld: Vol. 1. General Studies, British Isles, North America: Studies in Honor of Manfred Görlach, edited by Edgar W. Schneider, 295-306. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
14.
Cukor-Avila, Patricia . Forthcoming. Coexisting Grammars: The Relationship between the Evolution of African American and Southern White Vernacular English in the South. In Sociocultural and Historical Contexts of African American Vernacular English, edited by Sonja Lanehart. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
15.
Cukor-Avila, Patricia , and Guy Bailey. 1995. Grammaticalization in AAVE. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, edited by Jocelyn Ahlers, Leela Bilmes, Joshua S. Guenter, Barbara A. Kaiser, and Ju Namjung, 401-413. Berkeley: University of California, Department of Linguistics.
16.
Givóon, Talmy . 1970. Notes on the Semantic Structure of English Adjectives. Language46:816-837.
17.
Givóon, Talmy . 1984. Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
18.
Hanna, Dawn . 1997. Copula Absence in Samaná English: Implications for Research on the Linguistic History of African-American Vernacular English. American Speech72:339-372.
19.
Holm, John . 1984. Variability of the Copula in Black English and Its Creole Kin. American Speech59:291-309.
20.
Holm, John . 1988. Pidgins and Creoles: Vol. 1. Theory and Structure. NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
21.
Labov, William . 1969. Contraction, Deletion, and Inherent Variability of the English Copula. Language45:715-762.
22.
Lakoff, George. 1966. Stative Adjectives andVerbs in English. Unpublished manuscript.
23.
Lakoff, George . 1970. Irregularity in Syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
24.
Loman, Bengt . 1967. Conversations in a Negro American Dialect. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
25.
Mitchell-Kernan, C.1971. Language Behavior in a Black Urban Community. Monographs of the Language-Behavior Research Laboratory, No. 2. University of California, Berkeley.
26.
Poplack, Shana , and David Sankoff. 1987. The Philadelphia Story in the Spanish Caribbean. American Speech62:291-314.
27.
Poplack, Shana , and Sali Tagliamonte. 1991. African American English in the Diaspora: Evidence from Old-Line Nova Scotians. Language Variation and Change3:301-339.
28.
Quirk, Randolph , and Sydney Greenbaum. 1973. A Concise Grammar of Contemporary English. New York: Harcourt Brace.
29.
Rickford, John R.1998. The Creole Origins of African-American Vernacular English: Evidence from Copula Absence. In African-American English: Structure, History and Use, edited by Salikoko S. Mufwene, John R. Rickford, Guy Bailey, and John Baugh, 154-200. New York: Routledge Kegan Paul.
30.
Rickford, John R. , Arnetha Ball, Renée Blake, Raina Jackson, and Nomi Martin. 1991. Rappin’ on the Copula Coffin: Theoretical and Methodological Issues in the Analysis of CopulaVariation in African-AmericanVernacular English. Language Variation and Change3:103-132.
31.
Rickford, John R. , and Renée Blake. 1990. Copula Contraction and Absence in Barbadian English, Samaná English, andVernacular Black English. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, edited by Kira Hall, Jean-Pierre Koenig, Michael Meacham, Sondra Reinman, and Laurel A. Sutton, 257-268. Berkeley: University of California, Department of Linguistics.
32.
Rickford, John R. , and Christine Théberge Rafal. 1996. Preterite had+V ed in the Narratives of African-American Preadolescents. American Speech71:227-254.
33.
Romaine, Suzanne . 1982. Socio-Historical Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
34.
Singler, JohnVictor . 1986. CopulaVariation in the Settler English of Liberia. Paper presented at New Ways of Analyzing Variation (NWAV), October, Stanford, CA.
35.
Singler, JohnVictor . 1991. Copula Variation in Liberian Settler English and American Black English. In Verb Phrase Patterns in Black English and Creoles, edited by Walter F. Edwards and Donald Winford, 129-164. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
36.
Wetzer, Harrie . 1992. “Nouny” and “Verby” Adjectivals: A Typology of Predicative Adjective Constructions. In Meaning and Grammar: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives, edited by Michel Kefer and Johan van der Auwera, 223-262. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
37.
Wolfram, Walt . 1969. A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.