Tycho Brahe in Scandinavian Scholarship

Alin Margareta 1992. “Tycho Brahes Hven” [“Tycho Brahe's Hven”]. Ale: Historisk tidskrift för Skåneland, ii, 1–2.

Andersson Sven-Ingvar 1991. “Uraniborg — Rekonstruktion av en trädgård” [“Uraniborg: Reconstruction of a garden”]. Hven: Landskronaboken 1991, En årsbok från Landskrona Museum, 64–73.

Andersson Sven-Ingvar 1992. “Tycho Brahes trädgård” [“Tycho Brahe's garden”]. Ale: Historisk tidskrift för Skåneland, ii, 26–32.

Andersson Sven-Ingvar 1993. “Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård: Restaureringsprojektets förutsättningar och hypoteser” [“Uraniborg's Renaissance garden: Assumptions and hypotheses of the restoration project”]. In Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård, Renässansens växtmaterial , 12–20. See Lundquist 1993a.

Artursson Magnus 1992. “Uraniborg i bild och verklighet” [“Uraniborg in pictures and in reality”]. Ale: Historisk tidskrift för Skåneland, ii, 13–25.

Beckett Francis 1921. See Christensen 1921.

Brahe J. C. Bille 1985. Gravmindernes vidnesbyrd [The witness of grave monuments]. Heraldiske studier 2. Copenhagen: Societas Heraldica Scandinavica.

Björklund Per-Åke 1992. Tycho Brahe og kamarillaen: Festskrift i anledning af 400-års dagen for Christian IV's besøg på Hven [Tycho Brahe and the camarilla: Festschrift on the 400th anniversary of King Christian TV's visit to Hven]. Copenhagen: Rhodos.

Bradshaw Richard 1993. “The use of pollen and seed analysis to reconstruct a historic garden.” In Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård, Renässansens växtmaterial , 35–40. See Lundquist 1993a.

Brager Jørgen Henningsen Niels , transl. 1986. Tycho Brahes lille skrift om kometen 1577 i dansk version [Tycho Brahe's little treatise on the comet of 1577 in a Danish version]. Copenhagen: Eiler Eilertsen.

Buhl Hans , ed. 1996. Tycho Brahe: Liv, gerning og instrumenter [Tycho Brahe: Life, achievement, and instruments]. Aarhus: Steno Museets Venner.

Bech S. Cedergreen , ed. 1979–84. Dansk biografisk leksikon [Dictionary of Danish biography]. 16 vols. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Christensen Charles Beckett Francis 1921. Uraniborg og Stjærneborg — Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg and Stjerneborg on the island of Hveen. Copenhagen: Aage Marcus, and London: Oxford University Press. English summary 35–43.

Christianson J. R. Butler Bartlett R. , eds 1989. “Georg Ludwig Frobenius hos Tycho Brahe på Hven, 15. maj – 29. juni 1591” [“Georg Ludwig Frobenius with Tycho Brahe on Hven, 15 May to 29 June 1591”]. Magasin fra Det kongelige Bibliotek og Universitetsbiblioteket I, iv/2, 51–57.

Dreyer J. L. E. [1890] 1977. Tycho Brahe: A picture of scientific life and work in the sixteenth century. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, reprinted Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith. This work also appeared in German translation.

Dreyer I. L. E. Nystrøm Eiler , eds 1913–29. Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera omnia. 15 vols. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Ehrencron-Müller H. 1924–35. Forfatterlexikon omfattende Danmark, Norge og Island indtil 1814 [Dictionary of authors in Denmark, Norway, and Iceland until 1814]. 12 vols. Copenhagen: H. Aschehoug.

Erlandson Johanna , ed. 1996. Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre [Tycho Brahe, lord of the stars]. Landskrona: Landskrona kommun.

Garstein Oskar 1953. Cort Aslakssøn: Studier over dansk-norsk universitets- og lærdomshistorie omkring år 1600 [Cort Aslakssøn: Studies in the history of the Danish-Norwegian university and learning c. 1600]. Oslo: Lutherstiftelsen.

Gotfredsen Edv . 1955. “Tycho Brahes sidste sygdom og død” [“Tycho Brahe's last illness and death”]. Fund og forskning, 1955, 3–8.

Gunnarsson Allan 1993. “Något om fruktträden i Renässansens trädgårdar og särskilt i Uraniborgs” [“On fruit trees in Renaissance gardens and particularly at Uraniborg”]. In Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård, Renässansens växtmaterial , 41–63. See Lundquist 1993a.

Hartmann Godfred 1989. Urania: Om mennesket Tycho Brahe [Urania: On the person, Tycho Brahe]. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Helgelin-Hallbäck Wiola 1991. “Venborna och Tycho Brahe” [“The inhabitants of Hven and Tycho Brahe”]. Hven: Landskronaboken 1991, En årsbok från Landskrona Museum, 74–84.

de Lichtenberg Hanne Honnens 1985. “Johan Gregor van der Schardt, sculptor — And architect.” Hafnia, x, 147–64.

de Lichtenberg Hanne Honnens 1989. Tro, håb & forfængelighed: Kunstneriske udtryksformer i 1500-tallets Danmark [Faith, hope, and vanity: Forms of artistic expression in sixteenth century Denmark]. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

de Lichtenberg Hanne Honnens 1991. Johan Gregor van der Schardt: Bildhauer bei Kaiser Maximilian II., am dänischen Hof und bei Tycho Brahe. Transl. from Danish by Mai Georg Albrecht . Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

de Lichtenberg Hanne Honnens 1994. “Tycho Brahe als Mäzen.” In Europa in Scandinavia: Kulturelle und soziale Dialoge in der frühen Neuzeit, ed. Bohn Robert , 91–97. Studia septemtrionalia II. New York and Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang.

Hyltén-Cavallius Klas 1992. “Tycho Brahe och restaureringsprojektet på Ven” [“Tycho Brahe and the restoration project on Hven”]. Ale: Historisk tidskrift för Skåneland, ii, 3–11.

Hyltén-Cavallius Klas 1993. “Tycho Brahe och forskningsanläggningen på Ven” [“Tycho Brahe and the research facility on Ven”]. In Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård, Renässansens växtmaterial , 1–11. See Lundquist 1993a.

Hyltén-Cavallius Klas 1996. “Ett besök på Ven på 1590-talet” [“A visit to Hven in the 1590s”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 11–17. See Erlandson 1996.

Jern Carl Henrik 1976. Uraniborg: Herresäte och himlaborg [Uraniborg, noble seat and heaven's castle]. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Jern Henrik 1976. Tycho Brahe-minnen på Ven [Monuments of Tycho Brahe on Hven], Svenska Kulturminnen 3. Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet. English summary 41–44.

Johanson-Thor Gunnar 1996. “Boktryckarkonst på Hven” [“The art of book printing on Hven”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 94–102. See Erlandson 1996.

Kæmpe B. Thykier C. Pedersen N. A. 1993. “The cause of death of Tycho Brahe in 1601.” From Proceedings of the 31st TIAFT Congress, 15–20 August, Leipzig (mimeograph).

Kæmpe Bent Thykier Claus 1993. “Tycho Brahe død af forgiftning?” [“Did Tycho Brahe die of poisoning?”]. Naturens verden, 425–34.

Kæmpe Bent 1997. “Tycho Brahe offer for en seriegiftmorder?” [“Was Tycho Brahe the victim of a serial murderer?”]. Bibliotek for læger, September, 1–17.

Kirnbauer Martin 1991. “‘Die Kronborg-Motetten’: Ein Beitrag zur Musikgeschichte Nürnbergs?” Mitteilungen des Vereins für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg, lxxviii, 103–22.

Kirnbauer Martin 1993. “Nachtrag zu Martin Kirnbauer, ‘Die Kronborg-Motetten’.” Mitteilungen des Vereins für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg, lxxx, 251–2.

Kongsted Ole Ilsøe Harald Heiberg Steffen Kraack Gerhard 1990. Festmusik fra Renaissancen: En udstilling arrangeret i samarbejde mellem Dansk Selskab for Musikforskning, Det nationalhistoriske Museum på Frederiksborg, Det kongelige Bibliotek [Festive music from the Renaissance: An exhibit arranged by the Danish Society for Music Research, the National Historical Museum at Frederiksborg, and the Danish Royal Library]. Transl. in part by Winge Vibeke . Copenhagen: Det kongelige Bibliotek.

Kongsted Ole 1990. Kronborg motetterne tilegnet Frederik II og Dronning Sophie 1582 [Kronborg Motets dedicated to King Frederick II and Queen Sophie of Denmark in 1582]. Ed. by Jørgensen Jesper Düring Dal Erik . Copenhagen: Det kongelige Bibliotek.

Kongsted Ole 1991. Kronborg-Brunnen und Kronborg-Motetten: Ein Notenfund des späten 16. Jahrhunderts aus Flensburg und seine Vorgeschichte. Transl. by Lohmeier Dieter Winge Vibeke . Schriften des Gesellschaft für Flensburger Stadtgeschichte e.V. Nr. 43. Copenhagen: Det kongelige Bibliotek.

Lange Johan 1993. “Hortikulterelt plantemateriale i 1500-tallets Danmark med specielt hensyn til Uraniborghaven” [“Horticultural plant material in 16th century Denmark, with special attention to the garden of Uraniborg”]. In Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård, Renässansens växtmaterial , 21–33. See Lundquist 1993a.

Lauring Palle 1989. Tyge Brahe: Geni og menneske [Tycho Brahe: Genius and human being]. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.

Lorentzon Kenneth 1996. “Plantjakt” [“The hunt for plants”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 147–69. See Erlandson 1996.

Lundquist Kjell , ed. 1993a. Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård, Renässansens växtmaterial: Rapport från ett seminarium på Alnarp 19 feb 1991 [Uraniborg's Renaissance garden, the plant material of the Renaissance: Report from a seminar at Alnarp, Sweden, 19 February 1991]. Stencil series, xciii/7. Alnarp: Institutionen för Landskapsplanering, Sveriges Landbruksuniversitet.

Lundquist Kjell 1993b. “Växtsamlingar, växtförteckningar och botaniska verk från Renässansens Europa” [“Plant collections, plant lists, and botanical works from Renaissance Europe”]. In Uraniborgs Renässansträdgård, Renässansens växtmaterial , 65–116. See Lundquist 1993a.

Lundquist Kjell 1995. “The plant material in the Renaissance garden of Tycho Brahe at Uranienborg (1581–1597) on the island of Ven — A reconstruction project.” Abstract of paper presented at an international symposium, Botanic Gardens: Past, Present, Future. Padua, Italy, 29–30 June 1995. Program and abstracts, 41.

Lundquist Kjell 1996. “Kulturväxter i Tycho Brahes trädgårdar” [“Cultivated plants in Tycho Brahe's gardens”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 109–46. See Erlandson 1996.

Lundquist Kjell 1997a. “Tycho Brahe Trädgården: Växtförteckning 1997” [“Tycho Brahe Garden: Plant plan 1997”]. Landskrona: Landskrona Kulturförvaltning. Pamphlet.

Lundquist Kjell 1997b. “Tycho Brahe Trädgården: Inula helenium (ålandsrot)” [“Tycho Brahe Garden: Inula helenium (elecampane)”]. Landskrona: Landskrona Kulturförvaltning. Pamphlet.

Lundquist Kjell Forthcoming. “The plant material in the Renaissance garden of Tycho Brahe at Uraniborg (1581–1597) on the island of Ven — A restoration project in progress.” Museologica scientifica, xiii/3–4, 223–35.

Moesgaard Kristian Peder 1977. Kosmos af Chronos: Træk af en udviklingshistorie for vort astronomiske verdensbillede [Cosmos of Chronos: Sketch of a history of the development of our astronomical world picture]. Acta Jutlandica 47, Naturvidenskabelig serie 7. Aarhus: Acta Jutlandica.

Moesgaard Kristian Peder , ed. 1997. Tycho Brahe, den nye stjerne [Tycho Brahe: The new star]. Aarhus: Steno Museets Venner.

Nicolaisen N. A. Møller 1946. Tycho Brahes papirmølle paa Hven: Udgravningen 1933–34 og forsøg til rekonstruktion [Tycho Brahe's papermill on Hven: The excavations of 1933–34 and an attempt at reconstruction]. Copenhagen: Gyldendal — Nordisk Forlag.

Morsing T. 1993. “Tycho Brahe som kemiker: En af hans recepter — Species Tycho Brahe — Er blevet anvendt langt op i vort århundrede” [“Tycho Brahe as chemist: One of his recipes, Species Tycho Brahe, was still used far into our century”]. Ingeniøren, 1 October.

Mortensen Harald 1931. “Tycho Brahes bogejermærke” [“Tycho Brahe's ex-libris”]. Nordisk tidskrift för bokoch biblioteksväsen, xviii, 141–5.

Mortensen Harald 1934. “Tycho Brahe-portræter i Norge” [“Portraits of Tycho Brahe in Norway”]. Historisk tidsskrift (Oslo), xxx, 546–50.

Mortensen Harald 1935. “Den ældste Tycho Brahe-portræt” [“The oldest portrait of Tycho Brahe”]. Nordisk astronomisk tidsskrift, n.s., xvi, 58.

Mortensen Harald 1946. “Portræter af Tycho Brahe” [“Portraits of Tycho Brahe”]. Cassiopeia, xviii, 53–76.

Nielsen Lauritz 1933–35. Dansk bibliografi 1551–1600 med særligt hensyn til dansk bogtrykkerkunsts historie [Danish bibliography 1551–1600, with particular attention to the history of the art of printing in Denmark]. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Nielsen Lauritz 1946. Tycho Brahes bogtrykkeri: En bibliografisk-boghistorisk undersøgelse [Tycho Brahe's printing press: A bibliographical-historical investigation]. Copenhagen: Vald. Pedersen.

Nilsson Ingemar 1996. “Att tyda himlens tecken: Tycho Brahe astrologen” [“To decipher the signs of heaven: Tycho Brahe as astrologer”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 79–86. See Erlandson 1996.

Nordstrand Ove K. 1961. Danmarks ældste papirmøller og deres vandmærker [Denmark's oldest papermills and their watermarks]. Copenhagen: Egmont H. Petersen.

Norlind Wilhelm 1926. Ur Tycho Brahes brevväxling [Selected correspondence of Tycho Brahe]. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup.

Norlind Wilhelm 1944. “Tycho Brahes världssystem: Hur det tillkom och utformades” [“Tycho Brahe's world system: How it came into being and was given shape”]. Cassiopeia, 1944, 55–75.

Norlind Wilhelm 1951. Tycho Brahe: Mannen och Verket. Efter Gassendi översat med kommentar [Tycho Brahe: The man and his work. Translated from Gassendi with commentary]. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup.

Norlind Wilhelm 1963. Tycho Brahe. Stockholm: Natur och Kultur.

Norlind Wilhelm 1970. Tycho Brahe: En levnadsteckning med nya bidrag belysande hans liv och verk [Tycho Brahe: A sketch of his life, with new contributions illuminating his life and work]. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup. German summary 425–54.

Nørlund N. E. 1943. Danmarks kortlægning, i: Tiden til afslutningen af Videnskabernes Selskabs opmåling [The mapping of Denmark, i: The period prior to the conclusion of the survey by the Royal Danish Society of Sciences and Letters]. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard.

Nystrøm Eiler 1913–29. See Dreyer Nystrøm 1913–29.

Nystrøm Eiler 1927. “Tyge Brahes brud med fædrelandet” [“Tycho Brahe's break with his fatherland”]. In Festskrift til Kristian Erslev den 28. decbr. 1927 fra danske historikere, 291–320. Copenhagen: H. Hagerup.

Ödman Anders 1996. “Arkeologi i Tycho Brahe-lämningaraa” [“Archaeology in the remains left by Tycho Brahe”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 171–9. See Erlandson 1996.

Pade Erling 1976. Milevognen og andre ældre opmålingssystemer [The “mile wagon” and other early systems of land measurement]. Copenhagen: Høst & Søn.

Pedersen Olaf [1985] 1997. Tycho Brahe og astronomiens genfødsel [Tycho Brahe and the rebirth of astronomy]. 2nd edn. Aarhus: Steno Museets Venner.

Roslund Curt 1996. “Instrumentinnovatören” [“The instrument innovator”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 45–56. See Erlandson 1996.

Schepelern H. D. 1971. Museum Wormianum: Dets forudsætninger og tilblivelse [Museum Wormianum: Its basis and origins]. Copenhagen: Wormianum. English summary 367–83.

Thykier Claus , ed. 1990. Dansk astronomi gennem firehundrede år [Four hundred years of Danish astronomy]. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Rhodos.

Thykier Claus 1993. See Kæmpe Thykier Pedersen 1993; Kæmpe Thykier 1993.

Thykier Claus 1996. “Despot eller offer? Forsøg på en personkarakteristik” [“Despot or victim? An attempt at a personal characterization”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 19–31. See Erlandson 1996.

von der Weistritz Philander [pseudonym for Mengel] C. G. 1756. Lebensbeschreibung des berühmten und gelehrten dänischen Sternsehers Tycho v. Brahes. Aus der dänischen Sprache in die deutsche übersetzt. 2 vols. Copenhagen and Leipzig: Friederich Christian Pelt.

Wittendorff Alex 1994. Tyge Brahe [Tycho Brahe]. Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gad.

Zeeberg Peter 1987. “Kemi og kærlighed: Naturvidenskab i Tycho Brahes latindigtning” [“Chemistry and love: Natural science in the Latin poetry of Tycho Brahe”]. In Litteratur og lærdom: Dansksvenske nylatindage april 1985, ed. Alenius Marianne Zeeberg Peter , 149–61. Renæssancestudier 1. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

Zeeberg Peter 1988. “Amor på Hven: Tycho Brahes digt til Erik Lange” [“Amor on Hven: Tycho Brahe's poem to Erik Lange”]. In Renæssancen: Dansk, Europæisk, Globalt, Pade Marianne Jensen Minna Skafte , 161–181. Renæassancestudier 2. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

Zeeberg Peter 1991a. “Adel og lærdom hos Tycho Brahe” [“Tycho Brahe on nobility and learning”]. In Latin og nationalsprog i Norden 1500–1800, ed. Alenius Marianne Bergh Birger Boserup Ivan Friis-Jensen Karsten Jensen Minne Skafte , 21–31. Renæssancestudier 5. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

Zeeberg Peter 1991b. “Science versus secular life: A central theme in the Latin poems of Tycho Brahe.” Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Torontonensis, 831–38. Binghamton: Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies.

Zeeberg Peter 1993. Den praktiske muse: Tycho Brahes brug af latindigtningen [The practical muse: Tycho Brahe's use of Latin poetry]. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

Zeeberg Peter 1994a. “Alchemy, Astrology, and Ovid — A love poem by Tycho Brahe.” Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Hafniensis, 997–1007. Binghamton: Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies.

Zeeberg Peter 1994b. “Neo-Latin poetry in its social context: Some statistics and some examples from sixteenth-century Denmark.” Mari Balticum — Mare Nostrum: Latin in the countries of the Baltic Sea (1500–1800), ed. Merisalo Outi Sarasti-Wilenius Raija , 9–21. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.

Zeeberg Peter 1994c. Tycho Brahes “Urania Titani”: Et digt om Sophie Brahe [Tycho Brahe's “Urania Titani”: A poem about Sophie Brahe]. Renæssancestudier 7. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

Zeeberg Peter 1995. “The inscriptions at Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg.” In A history of Nordic neo-Latin literature, ed. Jensen Minna Skafte , 251–66. Odense: Odense University Press.

Zeeberg Peter 1996. “En muse finder sit hjem: Tycho Brahe set med hans egne øjne” [“A muse finds its home: Tycho Brahe as he saw himself”]. In Tycho Brahe, stjärnornas herre , 67–78. See Erlandson 1996.

See my review in Isis, lxii (1971), 545–6.

See also Haasbroek N. D. , Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulations (Delft: Rijkscommissie voor Geodesie, 1968).

At least one is in the Metropolitan Museum, see Snyder James , The Metropolitan Museum of Art: The Renaissance in the North (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989), 84–85.

Schardt may have made a portrait bust of Clusius, see de Lichtenberg Honnens 1991, 150–2.

The evidence indicates to me that “Johannes Aurifaber” was the Latin name of Hans Crol, Tycho's principal instrument maker in the years 1585–91, see my review of Honnens's book in Scandinavian studies, lxvii (1995), 217–19. Honnens herself knew that “Johannes Aurifaber” also made astronomical instruments and found it odd that a sculptor would do so, see de Lichtenberg Honnens 1989, 167–9. In addition, she knew that “Aurifaber” was also called “Crolius”, see Honnens de Lichtenberg 1985, 164.

The engraved and painted portraits of himself that Tycho commissioned were intended to serve the same purpose of “representation of the self” as part of Tycho's broad cultural strategy for winning an audience and maintaining royal patronage. On representation of the self, see Martin John , “Inventing sincerity, refashioning prudence: The discovery of the individual in Renaissance Europe”, The American historical review, cii (1997), 1308–42.

Grell Ole Peter in Historie, 1997, no. 1, 182.

Cf. the interesting study, almost a century earlier, by Dreyer J. L. E. , Tycho Brahes fortjenester af astronomien: En popular fremstilling [Tycho Brahe's contributions to astronomy: A popular presentation] (Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gad, 1901), which argued that Tycho's greatness lay in the fact that he was the first to establish the principle that science had to be based upon observations from which all sources of error have been systematically eliminated. Dreyer concluded that Tycho made epochal contributions to physical astronomy (lunar theory), spherical astronomy (refraction, precession of the equinoxes), theoretical astronomy (comets), and practical astronomy (the first modern observer).

Brager and Henningsen were not aware of my English translation in Christianson J. R. , “Tycho Brahe's German treatise on the Comet of 1577: A study in science and politics”, Isis, lxx (1979), 132–40.

American historians of science like Jole Shackelford have used the Scandinavian literature on Tycho Brahe, as I have in my forthcoming book, On Tycho's island: Tycho Brahe and his assistants. Shackelford has also published a survey, Nordic science in historical perspective (Madison: NCCP, 1994), available from the Department of Scandinavian Studies, University of Wisconsin, 1306 Van Hise Hall, Madison, WI 53706.