Essay Review: The Judge and Purifier of All,William Whewell: Philosopher of Science,William Whewell: A Composite Portrait

Stein D. , Ada: A life and a legacy (Cambridge, Mass., 1985).

Rudwick M. J. S. , The great Devonian controversy: The shaping of scientific knowledge among gentlemanly specialists (Chicago and London, 1985); Secord J. A. , Controversy in Victorian geology: The Cambrian-Silurian dispute (Princeton, 1986); Oldroyd D. R. , The Highlands controversy: Constructing geological knowledge through fieldwork in nineteenth-century Britain (Chicago, 1990).

Cantor G. N. , Michael Faraday: Sandemanian and scientist (London, 1991); see also Gooding D. James F. A. J. L. (eds), Faraday rediscovered: Essays on the life and work of Michael Faraday, 1791–1867 (London, 1985).

Richards E. , “A question of property rights: Richard Owen's evolutionism reassessed”, The British journal for the history of science, xx (1987), 129–71 (quotation p. 129).

Desmond A. , The politics of evolution: Morphology, medicine, and reform in radical London (Chicago, 1989).

Whewell W. , History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time (3 vols, London, 1837); The philosophy of the inductive sciences, founded upon their history (2 vols, London, 1840).

Butts R. E. , “Necessary truth in Whewell's theory of science”, American philosophical quarterly, ii (1965), 161–81; and, more generally, Butts R. E. (ed.), William Whewell's theory of scientific method (Pittsburgh, 1968).

Mill J. S. , A system of logic ratiocinative and inductive: Being a connected view of the principles of evidence and the methods of scientific investigation (London, 1843).

Todhunter I. , William Whewell: An account of his writings with selections from his literary and scientific correspondence (2 vols, London, 1876), i, 3; Desmond A. Moore J. , Darwin (London, 1991), 52–54.

Becher H. W. , “William Whewell and Cambridge mathematics”, Historical studies in the physical sciences, xi (1981), 1–48.

Buchdahl G. , “Inductivist versus deductivist approaches in the philosophy of science as illustrated by some controversies between Whewell and Mill”, The monist, lv (1971), 343–67.

Herschel J. F. W. , “Whewell on inductive sciences”, Quarterly review, lxviii (1841), 177–238.

Todhunter , Whewell (ref. 9), i, 85.

Yeo R. R. , “William Whewell, natural theology and the philosophy of science in mid nineteenth century Britain”, Annals of science, xxxvi (1979), 493–516; Yeo , “Scientific method and the rhetoric of science in Britain, 1830–1917”, in Schuster J. A. Yeo R. R. (eds), The politics and rhetoric of scientific method: Historical studies (Dordrecht, 1986), 259–97.

Portrait, 19.

Todhunter , Whewell (ref. 9), ii, 272.

Portrait, 119, 123, 136.

Portrait, 123.

Todhunter , Whewell (ref. 9), i, 340.

Todhunter , Whewell, i, 341.

Todhunter , Whewell, i, 328.

Brooke J. H. , “Natural theology and the plurality of worlds: Observations on the Brewster-Whewell debate”, Annals of science, xxxiv (1977), 221–86; idem, Science and religion: Some historical perspectives (Cambridge, 1991).

Whewell W. , Astronomy and general physics considered with reference to natural theology, 7th edn (London, 1852), 310, 320.

Whewell W. , Indications of the Creator (London, 1845).

Murchison to Sedgwick, 21 November 1843, quoted in Morrell J. B. Thackray A. W. , Gentlemen of science: Early years of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Oxford, 1981), 430.

Portrait, 165.

Portrait, 202.

Whewell , History, 3rd edn (London, 1857), iii, 85–88, 135–52, reprints unchanged from the first edition the accounts of Faraday's electromagnetic work and the epoch of Davy and Faraday in chemistry. Whewell was adamant that Davy had promulgated but Faraday had established the electrochemical theory, so that Faraday was to Davy as Newton was to Borelli and Hooke respecting gravity.

Todhunter , Whewell (ref. 9), ii, 119–21; Morrell Thackray , Gentlemen (ref. 25), 80–81, 425–30, 474–6.

Desmond , Evolution (ref. 5), 352–7.

Gash N. , Sir Robert Peel: The life of Sir Robert Peel after 1830 (London, 1972); Clark G. K. , Peel and the conservative party: A study in party politics, 1832–1841 (London, 1964); Portrait, 205, note 19.

Winstanley D. A. , Early Victorian Cambridge (Cambridge, 1955), 93 (my italics).

Gascoigne J. , Cambridge in the age of enlightenment: Science, religion and politics from the restoration to the French revolution (Cambridge, 1989).

Portrait, 143 (my italics).

Whewell , History (ref. 6), 3rd edn, i, 8 (my italics); Christie J. R. R. , “The development of the historiography of science”, in Olby R. C. Cantor G. N. Christie J. R. R. Hodge M. J. S. (eds), Companion to the history of science (London, 1990), 5–22, especially pp. 12–14 on Whewell.

Whewell , Philosophy, 2nd edn (London, 1847), i, 7.

Literary gazette, 1836, 620, 659.

Winstanley , Cambridge (ref. 32), 392.

Winstanley , Cambridge, 139; Robson R. , “William Whewell: Academic life”, Notes and records of the Royal Society, xix (1964), 168–76.

Winstanley , Cambridge (ref. 32), 139–47.

Winstanley , Cambridge, 202.

Clark J. W. Hughes T. M. , The life and letters of the Reverend Adam Sedgwick (2 vols, Cambridge, 1890), ii, 97–98.

Todhunter , Whewell (ref. 9), i, 37–40, 151; Clark Hughes , Sedgwick, i, 329–33.

Todhunter , Whewell, ii, 124.

Todhunter , Whewell, ii, 199–200, reproducing Whewell to Phillips, 28 December 1834, original in Phillips papers, Oxford University Museum.

Whewell W. , “Mrs Somerville on the connexion of the sciences”, Quarterly review, li (1834), 54–68, especially p. 59.