Essay Review: Darwinian Structures: Darwinism and Divinity: Essays on Evolution and Religious Belief

Darwin Francis (ed.), The life and letters of Charles Darwin including an autobiographical chapter (3 vols, London, 1887), ii, 23.

Wells H. G. , Ann Veronica (London, 1909), 140.

Darwin in Gould Stephen Jay , Hen's teeth and horse's toes (New York, 1983), 44.

Marx K. and Engels F. , Selected works in one volume (Moscow, 1970), 429.

See Kay M. A. , “Did Marx offer to dedicate Capital to Darwin? A reassessment of the evidence”, Journal of the history of ideas, xxxix (1978), 133–46; and Feuer Lewis S. , “The case of the ‘Darwin-Marx’ letter”, Encounter, li (1978), 62–78.

See Wilson Glenn , The psychology of conservatism (London, 1973); and Ward Philip , A dictionary of common fallacies (2 vols, Cambridge, 1980), i, 86.

Amongst the most notable studies of creationism are Kitcher P. , Abusing science: The case against creationism (Cambridge, Mass., 1982); Kitcher A. (ed.), Science and creationism (Oxford, 1984); Nelkin Dorothy , The creation controversy: Science or scripture in the schools (New York, 1982); and Ruse Michael , Darwinism defended: A guide to the evolution controversies (Reading, Mass., 1982).

As Brooke points out, his discussion develops the one that appears in Cannon's W. F. “The bases of Darwin's achievement: A revaluation”, Victorian studies, v (1961), 109–34.

See Ospovat D. , “Darwin after Malthus”, Journal of the history of ideas, xii (1979), 211–30; and Kohn D. , “Theories to work by: Rejected theories, reproduction and Darwin's path to natural selection”, Studies in the history of biology, iv (1980), 67–170.

See Beer Gillian , Darwin's plots: Evolutionary narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and nineteenth-century fiction (London, 1983); Shuttleworth Sally , George Eliot and nineteenth century science: The make-believe of a beginning (Cambridge, 1984); and O'Hanlon Redmond , Joseph Conrad and Charles Darwin: The influence of scientific thought on Conrad's fiction (Edinburgh, 1984).

See Ruse Michael , op. cit. (ref. 7), 44–57; idem, The Darwinian revolution: Science red in tooth and claw (Chicago, 1979), 188–98; idem, “Darwin's debt to philosophy: An examination of the influence of the philosophical ideas of John F. W. Herschel and William Whewell on the development of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution”, Studies in the history and philosophy of science, vi (1975), 159–81.

The work of Stephen Gaukroger is important in this domain, particularly his Explanatory structures: A study of concepts of explanation in early physics and philosophy (Hassocks, 1978). An overview of the book's major claims is provided in Shortland Michael , “The fabric of explanation”, Radical philosophy, xxix (1982), 33–37; while a more thorough assessment of the analysis of theoretical discourses via explanatory structures appears in Shortland, “Explanations explanatory of things explained”, History of European ideas, i (1981), 367–81.

For examples, see Clavelin Maurice , The natural philosophy of Galileo: Essay on the origins and formation of classical mechanics , trans. by Pomerans A. J. (Cambridge, Mass., 1974); Koyré Alexandre , Galileo studies, trans. by Mepham John (Hassocks, 1978); idem, Newtonian studies (Chicago, 1968); Bachelard Gaston , La formation de l'esprit scientifique (Paris, 1938); idem, Le nouvel esprit scientifique (Paris, 1934); and idem, Le rationalisme appliqué (Paris, 1949).

Darwin Francis (ed.), op. cit. (ref. 1), i, 83.

Kohn , op. cit. (ref. 9), 81–113.

Moore Jim , “On revolutionising the Darwin industry: A centennial retrospect”, in Shortland Michael (ed.), Science, history and philosophy (a special issue of Radical philosophy, xxxvii (1984)), 13–22, p. 20.

Midgley claims that “I have of course not tried to duplicate James's work” (p. 175). This is peculiar since James pointed out that a huge chasm separated the intellectual attitudes necessary for scientific and religious life (see, for example, The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature, 36th imp. (London, 1928), 491–3).

For details, see Goldsmith Maurice , Sage: A life of J. D. Bernal (London, 1980), chap. 2. Werskey Gary writes about Bernal's 1927 interview at Cambridge: “On the other side of the table, not a few of the more senior interviewers probably regarded this young Irishman with his long, unruly and very red hair as not quite ‘sound’”, The visible college (London, 1978), 80.

See Bernal J. D. , The world, the flesh and the devil: An enquiry into the future of the three enemies of the rational soul , 2nd edn (Bloomington, 1969), 78; and Goldsmith , op. cit. (ref. 18), 52–53.

Orwell Sonia and Angus Ian , (eds), The collected essays, journalism and letters of George Orwell (4 vols, London, 1968), iv, 130. Orwell's essay “Politics and the English language” first appeared in Horizon in April 1946. Strangely, Midgley's metaphors are often variants of those Orwell specifically attacks, like his “play into the hands of”, “no axe to grind”, and “fishing in troubled waters”.

The autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 1872–1967 (3 vols, London, 1967), i, 63.

Hart-Davis Rupert (ed.), Selected letters of Oscar Wilde (Oxford, 1979), 65.