The Mechanics' Philosophy and the Mechanical Philosophy

Hooke R. , Micrographia (London, 1665), Preface; Schaffer S. , “History of physical science”, in Corsi P. and Weindling P. (eds), Information sources in the history of science and medicine (London, 1983), 285–314, p.290.

For a valuable recent survey of instrumentation in the period, see Van Helden A. , “The birth of the modern scientific instrument”, in Burke J. G. (ed.), The uses of science in the age of Newton (Berkeley, 1983), 49–84.

Hall A. R. , The revolution in science (London and New York, 1983), 22.

ibid., 23.

ibid.

Dijksterhuis E. J. , The mechanization of the world picture (Oxford, 1961), 241–7.

Westfall R. S. , The construction of modern science (Cambridge, 1977), 30–31.

Boas M. , “The establishment of the mechanical philosophy”, Osiris, x (1952), 412–541; now printed as Hall M. B. , The mechanical philosophy (New York. 1981).

Shea W. R. , “Trends in the interpretation of seventeenth century science”, in Bonelli M. L. Righini and Shea W. R. (eds), Reason, experiment, and mysticism in the scientific revolution (London, 1975), 1–17, p.2.

ibid.

Westfall , op. cit. (ref. 7), 28.

Kuhn T. S. , “Mathematical versus experimental traditions in the development of physical science”, in The essential tension (Chicago and London, 1977), 31–65, p.53.

ibid., 54.

ibid., 57.

Norman R. , The new attractive, containyng a short discourse of the magnes or loadstone (London, 1581), sig. B.i.^v.

Wright E. , Certain errors in navigation (London, 1599), Preface.

Hunter M. , Science and society in Restoration England (Cambridge, 1981), see especially chap. 4; Hall A. R. , “Gunnery, science and the Royal Society”, in Burke , op. cit. (ref. 2), 111–41; Westfall R. S. , “Robert Hooke, mechanical technology, and scientific investigation”, ibid., 85–110.

Hall , op. cit. (ref. 17), 121.

Westfall , op. cit. (ref. 17), 109.

Frank R. G. Jr , “Science, medicine and the universities of early modern England: Background and sources”. History of science, xi (1973), 194–216, 239–69; Feingold M. , The mathematician's apprenticeship: Science, universities and society in England, 1560–1640 (Cambridge, 1984).

Feingold , op. cit. (ref. 20), 188.

Wren C. , Parentalia: Or, memoirs of the family of the Wrens (London, 1750), 205–6.

ibid., 206.

Hearne T. , (ed.), Peter Langtoft's chronicle (Oxford, 1725), i, 147–8.

Feingold , op. cit. (ref. 20), 21.

Rossi P. , Philosophy, technology, and the arts in the early modern era (New York, 1970).

ibid., 15.

Kuhn , op. cit. (ref. 12).

Dee John to Cecyl William Sir , 16 Feb. 1562/3, Philobiblon Society: Biographical and historical miscellanies, i (London, 1854), 6–7.

The elements of geometrie of … Euclide, trans. by Billingsley H. (London, 1570), With a very fruitfule Preface made by M. I. Dee.…

Hearne T. , (ed.), Johannis, confratis & monachi, Glastoniensis, chronica sive historia de rebus Glastoniensibus (Oxford, 1726), ii, “The compendius rehersal of John Dee his dutiful declaration, and proofe of the course and race of his studious life…”, 501.

Hood T. , A copie of the speache: Made by the Mathematicall Lecturer… (London, 1588), sig. B.

ibid., sig. Biii^v.

Taylor E. G. R. , The mathematical practitioners of Tudor & Stuart England (Cambridge, 1954).

Turner G. L'E. , “Mathematical instrument-making in London in the sixteenth century”, in Tyacke S. (ed.), English map-making 1500–1650 (London, 1983), 93–106; Waters D. W. , The art of navigation in England in Elizabethan and early Stuart times (London, 1958).

Cortes M. , The arte of naviagation, trans. by Eden R. (London, 1579), ff.64^v–66^v.

Bourne W. , A regiment for the sea, and other writings on navigation, ed. by Taylor E. G. R. (Cambridge, 1963), 212–13.

Gilbert H. , A discovrse of a discouerie for a new passage to Cataia (London, 1576), 57.

Quinn D. B. , (ed.), The voyages and colonising enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (London, 1940).

Hearne , op. cit. (ref. 31), 526.

ibid., 530.

Zilsel E. , “The origins of William Gilbert's scientific method”, Journal of the history of ideas, ii (1941), 1–32.

Rossi , op. cit. (ref. 26), 4–5.

Norman , op. cit. (ref. 15), sig. B.i^v.

ibid., 8–9.

ibid., Aiii^v.

ibid., 21.

ibid., 11.

Birch T. , (ed.), The history of the Royal Society of London (London, 1756–57), ii, 242.

Norman , op. cit. (ref. 15), sig. A.iii.

ibid., sigs Aiii–Aiii^v.

Gilbert H. , “The erection of an Achademy in London for education of her Maiestes Wardes, and others the youth of nobility and gentlemen”, in Furnivall F. J. (ed.), Queene Elizabethes Achademy … (London, 1869), 1–12.

ibid., 6.

Borough W. , A discovrs of the variation of the cumpas, or magneticall needle (London, 1581), preface.

ibid., sig. G.iii^v.

ibid.

Blundeville T. , M. Blvndevile his exercises, containing sixe treatises… (London, 1594), f.321^v.

Barlow W. , The navigator's supply … (London, 1597), sig. C3.

Stevin S. , The haven-finding art, or, the way to find any hauen or place at sea, by the latitude and variation, trans. by Wright E. (London, 1599), sig.B2^v.

Wright E. , op. cit. (ref. 16).

Gilbert W. , De magnete, trans. by Mottelay P. Fleury (New York, 1958), “To the most learned Mr. William Gilbert … address … by Edward Wright”.

Freudenthal G. , “Theory of matter and cosmology in Gilbert's De magnete”, Isis, lxxiv (1983), 22–37.

Blundeville T. , The theoriques of the seuen planets … (London, 1602).

ibid., 291–2.

ibid., “A short Appendix …”

Ridley M. , A short treatise of magneticall bodies and motions (London, 1613), 14, 34ff., 92–111.

Gellibrand H. , A discourse mathematicall on the variation of the magneticall needle … (London, 1635).

Stevin , op. cit. (ref. 59), 6.

For recent accounts of the longitude problem, see Waters D. W. , “Nautical astronomy and the problem of longitude”, in Burke , op. cit. (ref. 2), 143–69; Bennett J. A. , “The longitude and the new science”, Vistas in astronomy, xxviii (1985), 219–25.

Ridley , op. cit. (ref. 66), 111–17.

See Debus A. G. , Science and education in the seventeenth century (London and New York, 1970).

James T. , The strange and dangerovs voyage of Captaine Thomas Iames … (London, 1633).

ibid., sigs Q–Q^v.

ibid., sig. Q^v.

ibid., sig. Q^v.

ibid., sig. R^v.

ibid., sig. R.

Taylor , op. cit. (ref. 34), 348.

James , op. cit. (ref. 72), sig. R4.

ibid., sigs S2–S2^v.

ibid., sig. S2^v.

ibid., sig. S4.

For a recent account of Gresham College in the seventeenth century, see Adamson I. R. , “The administration of Gresham College and its fluctuating fortunes as a scientific institution in the seventeenth century”, History of education, ix (1980), 13–25. While Adamson's work reflects poorly on Gresham as an institution for popular education, it reinforces its reputation as a centre for research in mathematical science.

Shapiro B. J. , John Wilkins 1614–1672: An intellectual biography (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969).

Wilkins J. , The discovery of a world in the moone (London, 1638); idem, A discourse concerning a new planet (London, 1640).

Hall , op. cit. (ref. 3), 34.

Wilkins J. , The mathematical and philosophical works (London, 1802), ii, 89.

ibid., 152.

Debus , op. cit. (ref. 71), 230.

de Beer E. S. , (ed.), The diary of John Evelyn (Oxford, 1955), iii, 110.

Hooke , op. cit. (ref. 1), preface.

Bennett J. A. , “Robert Hooke as mechanic and natural philosopher”, Notes and records of the Royal Society of London, xxxv (1980), 33–48.

Waller R. , (ed.), The posthumous works of Robert Hooke (London, 1705), 61.

For example, in Kargon R. H. , Atomism in England from Hariot to Newton (Oxford, 1966).