Sources and Background to Discoveries of New Animals in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

de Selincourt A. (trans.), The histories (London, 1954), 306, 277, 221.

Toynbee J. M. C. , Animals in Roman life and art (London, 1973), 16.

James M. R. , The bestiary (Oxford, 1928).

Loisel G. , Histoire des ménageries (Paris, 1912).

Markham C. R. , The journal of Christopher Columbus (during his first voyage 1492–1493) and documents relating to the voyages of John Cabot and Gaspar Corte Real (Hakluyt Society, vol. lxxxvi, London, 1893), 54, 80, 154.

Jane C. , Select documents illustrating the four voyages of Columbus (Hakluyt Society, vol. lxv, London, 1930), 42.

Morison S. E. , The great explorers (Oxford, 1978), 454.

Greenlee W. B. , The voyage of Pedro Alvares Cabral to Brazil and India 1500 (Hakluyt Society, ser. 2, vol. viii, London, 1938), 120.

Cantino Planisphero (1502) in the Estense Library, Modena. Reproduction in Bagrow L. , History of cartography (London, 1964), plate G.

Jane C. , Select documents illustrating the four voyages of Columbus (Hakluyt Society, vol. lxx, London, 1933), 18.

George W. , Animals and maps (London, 1969), 61.

Ogilby J. , America (London, 1671), i, 59.

George , Animals and maps (ref. 11), 63.

Gesner C. , Historia animalium (Zürich, 1551), 981.

Levillier R. , Amerigo Vespucci. El Nuevo Mundo (Buenos Aires, 1951), 290.

Stanley of Alderley, The first voyage round the world by Magellan (Hakluyt Society, vol. lii, London, 1874), 46.

Prescott W. H. , The history of the conquest of Peru (London, 1908), 165.

von Wieser K. R. , Dis Karte von Amerika in dem Islario General de Alonso de Santa Crue (Innsbruck, 1908).

Gesner C. , Historia animalium (Frankfurt, 1586), 149, for example.

Ribeiro Diogo , “Map of the World” (1527) in Wolfenbüttel Museum, Germany. Reproduction in Cortesao A. da Mota A. Texeira , Portugalias monumenta cartografica (Lisbon, 1960), plate 1.

Robertson J. A. , Magellan's voyage around the world by Antonio Pigafetta (Cleveland, 1906), 47.

Taylor E. G. R. , A brief summe of geographie by Roger Barlow 1540–41 (Hakluyt Society, ser. 2, vol. lxix, London, 1931), 175–6.

Ribeiro Diogo , Carta del navigare (1529), Vatican Library, Borgiana iii. Reproduction in Almagià E. , Monumenta cartographica vaticana (Vatican City, 1948), plates xxi–xxiii.

Gesner C. , Historia animalium, ii (Zürich, 1554), appendix, 19.

Eden R. , The history of travayle in the West and East Indies (London, 1555), 203.

Thevet A. , Les singularitez de la France antarctique (Paris, 1558), 940.

Gesner (1586) (ref. 19), 869 for example.

de Acosta J. , The natural and moral historie of the Indies (London, 1604), ch. 38.

Bishop M. , The odyssey of Cabeza de Vaca (New York, 1933), 140.

Gesner (1554) (ref. 24), appendix, 19.

Descelliers P. , Mappemonde (1546) in John Rylands Library, Manchester. See George , Animals and maps (ref. 11), 66.

Eden R. , The four decades of Pietro Martyri (London, 1551), 45a.

Dent A. , Animals in art (Oxford, 1976), 88.

Hakluyt R. , The principal navigations, voyages, traffiques and discoveries of the English nation (Glasgow, 1930–5), ix, 160.

Prescott , The history of the conquest of Peru (ref. 17), 165, 168.

De Acosta , Natural history (ref. 28), ch. 40, p. 41.

Belon P. , L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux (Paris, 1555), bk 3, p. 28.

de Jode G. , Speculum orbis terrae (Antwerp, 1593), pt 3, fol. 16.

See, for example, Topsell E. , The historie of foure-footed beastes (London, 1607).

Hakluyt , Discoveries (ref. 34), vii, 251.

Thevet A. , Cosmographie universelle (Paris, 1575), 1007v.

George , Animals and maps (ref. 11).

Browne T. , Religio medici (London, 1682), 42.

Jones G. , Eirik the Red and other Icelandic sagas (Oxford, 1961), 147.

Levillier , Amerigo Vespucci (ref. 15), 277.

Cabot S. , Mappemonde (1544), Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, Res. Ge. AA, 582. Reproduction in Jomard E. F. , Les monuments de la géographie (Paris, 1854–62), plate xx.

Markham , op. cit. (ref. 5), 233.

Bishop , Cabeza de Vaca (ref. 29), 98.

Gutierrez S. , Planisphere (1531), Österreichische National Bibliothek, Vienna. Reproduction in Wagner H. R. , “A map of Sancho Gutierrez of 1551”, Imago mundi, viii (1951), 47.

Biggar H. P. , “The voyages of Jacques Cartier”, Public archives of Canada, xi (1924), 1–330, p. 147.

Zeuner F. E. , A history of domesticated animals (London, 1963), 459.

Winship G. P. , The journey of Coronado 1540–1542 as told by himself and his followers (New York, 1904), 99.

Wilson C. A. , Food and drink in Britain (London, 1973), 118.

Hakluyt , Discoveries (ref. 34), viii, 368.

Thomson A. L. , A new dictionary of birds (London, 1964), 844.

Gesner C. , Icones avium omnium (Zürich, 1555), 56.

Belon , Oyseaux (ref. 37), bk 5, p. 10.

Descelliers P. , Mappemonde (1550), British Museum, Add. MS 24065. Reproduction in Kammerer A. , La Mer Rouge, l'Assyrie et l'Asie (Cairo, 1935), plates clxxiii–v.

Winship , Coronado (ref. 52), 175.

Henshaw H. W. , “Translation from the Spanish of the account by the Pilot Ferrei of the Voyage of Cabrillo along the west coast of North America in 1542”, Report of the United States Geographical Surveys (1879), 293–314, p. 302.

Burney J. , A chronological history of the discoveries in the South Sea or Pacifie Ocean (London, 1803–17), i, 353.

Hakluyt , Discoveries (ref. 34), viii, 368.

Hulton P. Quinn D. B. , The American drawings of John White, 1577–1590 (London, 1964).

Purchas S. , Hakluytus posthumus or Purchas his pilgrimes (Glasgow, 1905), xiv, 376.

de Laet J. , L'Histoire du Nouveau Monde (Leyden, 1640), 89.

George , Animals and maps (ref. 11).

Blaeu W.J. , Theatrum orbis terrarum or Novus atlas (1635), map of Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova.

Hakluyt , Discoveries (ref. 34), vii, 374.

Frampton J. , A discourse of the navigation which the Portugales doe make (London, 1579). And see Penzer N. M. , The most famous travels of Marco Polo together with the travels of Nicolo de Conti (London, 1937), 133.

Ramusio G. B. , Delle navigatione et viaggi (Venice, 1583), i, 164. And see Cortesao A. , Suma oriental of Tomé Pires 1512–1515 (Hakluyt Society, ser. 2, vol. lxxxix, London, 1944), 209.

Gesner C. , Historia animalium, iii (Zürich, 1555), 612.

van Linschoten J. H. , Itinerario (Amsterdam, 1596), map of South East Asia.

Bclon , Oyseaux (ref. 37), bk i, p. 23.

de L'Ecluse C. , Exoticorum (Antwerp, 1605), 360, 362.

Tradescant J. , Museum Tradescantium (London, 1656).

Worm O. , Antiquates Danicae (Leyden, 1626), 294.

Pennant T. , Indian zoology (London, 1791), 13 and Goldsmith O. , An history of the earth and animated nature (Dublin, 1776), iii, 42.

Burney , Discoveries in the South Sea (ref. 61), 183.

Sharp A. , The discovery of Australia (Oxford, 1936), and George W. , “An early European description of an Australasian mammal”, Nature, ccii (1964), 1130–1.

Stevens H. N. Barwick G. F. , New light on the discovery of Australia as revealed by the journal of Captain Diego de Prado y Tovar (Hakluyt Society, ser. 2, vol. lxiv, London, 1930), 139.

George W. , “Early European description of an Australian mammal”, Nature, ccv (1965), 517–18.

Troughton E. , The furred animals of Australia (Sydney, 1941), 196.

Dampier W. , A voyage to New Holland, etc. In the year 1699 (London, 1703), 123.

Beaglehole J. C. , The journals of Captain James Cook on his voyages of discovery (Cambridge, 1955), i, 351.

Toynbee , Animals in Roman life and art (ref. 2), 41, 72.

Delaunay P. , La zoologie au seizième siècle (Paris, 1962), 145.

Purchas , His pilgrimes (ref. 64), ix, 224.

Beckingham C. F. Huntingford G. W. B. , A true relation of the lands of Prester John by Father Francisco Alvares (Hakluyt Society, ser. 2, vol. cxiv, London, 1961), 62.

Aristotle , Historia animalium, translated by Thompson D'Arcy W. (Oxford, 1910), bk viii, 5, 605b.

Strickland H. G. Melville A. G. , The Dodo and its kindred (London, 1848).

Tradescant , Museum Tradescantium (ref. 75).

Bestiary , Cambridge University MS Ii.4.26 (twelfth century), and White T. H. , The book of beasts (London, 1954).

Van Linschoten , Itinerario (ref. 72), 71, 13–14.

De l'Ecluse , Exoticorum (ref. 74), 374.

Descelliers , Mappemonde (ref. 58) (1546).

Gesner , Historia animalium (ref. 14), i, 638.

Grzimek B. , Grzimek's animal life encyclopaedia, vol. x: Mammals (New York, 1972), 308.

Vallard N. , Sea atlas (1547); MS Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Reproduction in George, Animals and maps (ref. 11), 120.

Descelliers , Mappemonde (ref. 58) (1550).

Heaney M. , “The implications of Janes's maimanto”, Oxford Slavonic papers, n.s., ix (1976), 102–9.

Magnus O. , A compendious history of the Goths, Swedes and Vandals and other northern nations (London, 1658).

Lynam E. , The Carta marina of Olaus Magnus, Venice 1539 and Rome 1572 (Jenkin-town, 1949).

Hakluyt , Discoveries (ref. 34), ii, 223.

Pepys S. , The diary, 1660–1669, ed. by Latham R. C. Matthews W. (London, 1971–6), iii, 76.

Evelyn J. , The diary, 1620–1706, ed. by de Beer E. S. (Oxford, 1955), ii, 251.

Delaunay , Zoologie (ref. 86), 145.

Aldrovandi U. , De quadrupedibus digitatis viviparis (Bologna, 1637), and Aldrovandi U. , De quadrupedibus solidipedibus (Bologna, 1616).

Markham C. R. , Early Spanish voyages to the Straits of Magellan (Hakluyt Society, ser. 2, vol. xxviii, London, 1911), 167.

De Acosta , Natural history (ref. 28), ch. xxxvii.

Burney , Discoveries in the South Sea (ref. 61), iv, and ii, 76.

Purchas , His pilgrimes (ref. 64), xiii, 68.

Raleigh W. , The history of the world (London, 1612; 11th edition, 1736), 63.

de Buffon G. L. L. , Histoire naturelle (Paris, 1749), i, 581.