Historical Studies of Medical Instruments

Lawrence , Kansas, 1973.

Sigerist Henry , A history of medicine: Primitive and archaic medicine (New York, 1951), 19. Sigerist called attention to a method of studying technology in medicine which also applies to technology in general. Layton Edwin T. Jr recently summarized the major studies in the history of technology and concluded: “… the ideas of technologists cannot be understood in isolation; they must be seen in the context of a community of technologists and the relations of this community to other social agencies.” “Technology as knowledge”, Technology and culture, xv (1974), 31–41, p. 41.

New York, 1942.

Trans. Calvert W. E. (Oxford, 1938).

Berlin, 1898; reprint, Hildesheim, 1964, 3 vols.

Baltimore, Maryland, 1969.

Cambridge, Mass., 1968.

Garrison F. H. Morton L. T. , A medical bibliography, 3rd ed. (New York, 1970).

St Louis, Missouri, 1929.

Murphy Leonard J. T. , The history of urology (Springfield, Illinois, 1972).

Burch G. E. De Pasquale N. P. , A history of electrocardiography (Chicago, 1964).

Heister Laurence , A general system of surgery in three parts (7th ed., London, 1759; 1st ed., in German, 1719), 12.

Le Clerc Charles-Gabriel , A description of bandages and dressings (London, 1701; 2nd ed., 1714; 3rd ed., 1727).

Chapman H. T. , A brief description of surgical apparatus (London, 1832).

Bishop W. J. , A history of surgical dressings (Chesterfield, England, 1959).

Truax Charles , The mechanics of surgery (Chicago, 1899), 7.

Vanhippel Arnelt , Chest tubes and chest bottles (Springfield, Illinois, 1970).

Hamonic Pierre , La chirurgie et la médecine d'autrefois d'après une première série d'instruments anciens renfermés dans mes collections (Paris, 1900), xii.

Sidel Victor W. , “New technologies and the practice of medicine”, in Mendelsohn Everett Swazey Judith Taviss Irene , eds, Human aspects of biomedical innovation (Cambridge, Mass., 1971), 31–154, pp. 131, 135.

Gerstner Patsy A. , The care and exhibition of medical history museum objects (Cleveland, Ohio, 1974).

The Billings Microscope Collection of the Medical Museum Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (Washington, D.C., 1974).

Lamb D. S. , “The Army Medical Museum—a history”, Washingon medical annals, xv (1916), 15–34, p. 26.

van Cittert P. H. , Descriptive catalogue… in charge of the Utrecht University Museum (Utrecht, 1923); Turner G. L'E. , Descriptive catalogue of Van Marum's scientific instruments in Teyler's Museum (Leiden, 1974)—microscopes form only a part of the contents of this illustrated catalogue; Kellert Ellis Clark Leonard B. , The microscope collection at Union College (Shenectady, N.Y., 1967); A catalogue of the collection of antique microscopes formed by the late Sir Frank Crisp (London, 1925).

Clarke Edwin , ed., Modern methods in the history of medicine (London, 1971), 358–75.

London, 1929.

Doran had the assistance of Hopkins J. Barry , Instrument maker, in desscribing these instruments. Some of them were part of the loan collection of the Royal Society of Medicine. Catalogue of and report of obstetrical and other instruments exhibited at conversazione of Obstetrical Society of London, 28 March, 1866.

Thomas K. Bryn , The development of anaesthetic apparatus (Oxford and London, 1975).

Duncum Barbara M. , The development of inhalation anaesthesia, with special reference to the years 1846–1900 (London, 1947). This volume contains illustrations of equipment, some of which is in the Wellcome Collection.

Crellin John , Medical ceramics: A catalogue of the English and Dutch collections in the Museum of the Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine (London, 1969). Reichert Philip , The Reichert Collection illustrative of the evolution and development of diagnostic instruments and techniques in medicine, Loan Exhibit Catalogue (New York, 1942). Berger Kenneth W. , The hearing aid: Its operation and development (Detroit, Mich., 1970). This illustrated account of the hearing aid contains a sixtyone page listing of manufacturers and indicates the specific models of instruments each company produced. Milne John S. , Surgical instruments in Greek and Roman times (London, 1902; reprinted New York, 1970); a valuable appendix indicates the locations for these early and rare instruments. Davis Audrey B. Appel Toby , Bloodletting instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology (to be published by the Smithsonian Press). A number of illuminated manuscripts and published texts of surgical instruments exist. The earliest appears to be a manuscript of the Arab medical writer, Albucasis, which is dated AD 1188. Recently an English translation of this influential Arabic treatise together with drawings of the instruments has been published: Spink M. S. Lewis G. L. , Albucasis on surgery and instruments (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1973). For a critical review of this translation see Savage-Smith Emilie , “Some sources and procedures for editing a Medieval Arabic surgical tract”, History of science, xiv (1976), 245–64. See also Hamarneh Sami , “Drawings and pharmacy in al-Zahrawi's tenth century surgical treatise”, USNM Bulletin, 228 (Washington, D.C., 1961).

Hackett C. J. , “A list of medical museums of Great Britain (1949–50)”, British medical journal (1951), i, 1380–3.

Howel Charles N. , Catalogue des pièces du Musée Dupuytren, 9 vols (Paris, 1877–1880).

Gebhard Bruno , “From medicine show to health museum”, Ciba symposia, xiii (1947), in three parts: “From Theatrum Anatomicum to medical museum”, pp. 566–83; “The origins of hygiene and health museums”, pp. 584–93; and “Health and hygiene at international expositions”, pp. 593–600.

Kobenhavns Universitets Medicinsk-Historiske Museum (Copenhagen, 1969). Istituto de Storia della Medicina dell'Universita de Roma (Rome, 1958). Hamarneh Sami , “History of the Division of Medical Sciences”, Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology (Washington, D.C., 1964). Antall Jozsef , ed., Pictures from the past of the healing arts (Orvostorteneti Kozlemenyek, Communicationes de Historia Artis Medicinae, supplementum 5, Budapest, 1972). For a discussion of this guide, see the review by Davis Audrey B. in Isis, lviii (1977), 123–4.

Davis Audrey B. , The development of rehabilitation medicine in the U.S.A. (Washington, D.C., 1973).

Sigerist Henry compiled a list of medical museums and collections which he published in 1951. See appendix three in op. cit. (ref. 2), 525–31.

Sir Henry Wellcome: A biographical memoir (London, n.d.), 20.

Ibid., pp. 16, 20; The Wellcome Historical Medical Museum (London, 1927); “The Wellcome Centenary”, The Times, Supplement, Tuesday 25 August, 1953; Daukes S. H. , “The historical medical museum—its future and possibilities”. The museums journal, liv (1944), 17–21.

Sizer C. A. , “The Museum of the Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine”, The museum journal, lxxx (1970), 13–16, p. 13.

Hamarneh Sami , op. cit. (ref. 33), 272, 273.

Ibid., 281.

Davis Audrey Appel Toby , op. cit. (ref. 29).

Cooper Barbara Smith , “Doctor's office”, Bulletin of the Academy of Medicine of Cleveland, February 1966, reprint, 2 pages. An earlier account of the Mütter Museum which contains some description of the growth of this collection is found in Schenk H. P. , “The Mütter Museum of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia”, Annals of medical history, iii (1931), 69–74.

Dittrick Howard , “Medical history collections in the U.S. and Canada, II: A description of medical history collections in Cleveland, Ohio”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, viii (1940), 1214–32.

Wade Ella N. , “A curator's story of the Mütter Museum and College collections”. Transactions and studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, lxii (1974), 121–81.

Lamb D. S. , op. cit. (ref. 22), 15.

Dart Raymond O. , “The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: Its role in American medicine”, Military surgeon, cvii (1950), 345–61.

Billings John S. , Medical museums, with special reference to the Army Medical Museum at Washington (New Haven, Conn., 1888), 361, 367, 370.

Ibid., 373.

Huntington D. L. , “The Army Medical Museum and Library”, address before the Union Meeting of the Maryland State and the Washington Dental Societies, 8 May, 1896, pp. 5, 6.

Lamb , op. cit. (ref. 22), 21.

Purtle Helen R. , “Notes on the Medical Museum of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology”, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, xliv (1956), 300–5, p. 302.

Mergier Guillaume Emile , Technique instrumentale concernant les sciences médicales … (Paris, 1891), viii.

Museum news, xliii (1965), 17–22.

Lesky Erna , “Professor Jellinek's electropathological museum”, Ciba symposium, ix (1961), 248–52. Another museum was founded by Dr Earl Bakken, president of the Medtronic Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota, which manufactures cardiac pacemakers and other electrical devices for use on the body. This museum, called the Medtronic Museum of Electricity and Life, specializes in electrical and medical instruments. Opened to public view in May 1976, the museum collections include electrical devices from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and thousands of books related to electricity and medicine.

Pyke E. J. , A biographical dictionary of wax modellers (Oxford, 1973).

Billings , op. cit. (ref. 47), 357.

Allmer Konrad Jantsch Marlene , Katalog der Josephinischen Sammlung Anatomischer und Geburtsiflicher Wachspraparate im Institut für Geschichte der Medizin an der Universität Wien (Graz-Köln, 1965).

Haviland Thomas N. Parish Lawrence Charles , “A brief account of the use of wax models in the study of medicine”. Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, xxv (1970), 52–75.

Hooper G. H. , Human electricity (Hoopers Ltd, Galvanic Works, ca 1909), 1. Advertisement in Wellcome Collections.

Maple Eric , Magic electricity and quackery (London, 1968), 182; Stern Bernhard , Social factors in medical progress (New York, 1927). Stern cites the British medical journal of 1911 which devoted several articles to the subject of quackery.

Davis Audrey B. , op. cit. (ref. 34).

Allbutt Thomas C. , The historical relations of medicine and surgery (Chicago, 1912), 50.

Reiser Stanley J. , The reign of technology (Cambridge: In press).

Schachner August , Ephraim McDowell: “Father of ovariotomy” and founder of abdominal surgery (Philadelphia and London, 1921), 68.

Stern Bernhard J. , American medical practice in the perspectives of a century (New York, 1945), 42. 43.

Covey H. Dale , The secrets of specialists (Detroit, Mich., 1903), 23–25.

Stern , op. cit. (ref. 65), 20, 21.

Mitchell S. Weir , “The early history of instrumental precision in medicine”, Transactions of the American Physicians and Surgeons Congress (1892), 164.

Stern , op. cit. (ref. 65), 43.

Cordes Frederick C. Rucker C. Wilbur , “History of the American Board of Ophthalmology”, American journal of ophthalmology, liii (1962), 243–64.

Freeman George , “Clinical study and review of tonometry”, Archives of ophthalmology, xxx (1943), 526–46, p. 546.

Davis Audrey B. , “Rudolf Schindler's role in the development of gastroscopy”. Bulletin of the history of medicine, xlvi (1972), 150–70.