Victorian Science and Religion

Merton Robert K. , Science, technology and society in seventeenth century England (New York, 1970), xvi. Originally published in 1938.

Chadwick Owen , The Victorian church (2 vols, London, 1966–70), ii, 1–22.

Rudwick Martin , “Charles Lyell, f.r.s. (1797–1875) and his London lectures on geology, 1832–33”, Notes and records of the Royal Society of London, xxix (1975), 231–63.

Mandelbaum Maurice , History, man, and reason: A study in nineteenth-century thought (Baltimore, 1971), 28.

Maxwell James Clerk , “Molecules”, in The scientific papers of James Clerk Maxwell, ed. Niven W. D. (2 vols, Cambridge, 1890), ii, 377.

Heimann P. M. , “Molecular forces, statistical representation and Maxwell's demon”, Studies in history and philosophy of science, i (1970), 189–211, p. 203.

James Clerk Maxwell to Katherine Maxwell, December 1873, in Campbell Lewis and Garnett William , The life of James Clerk Maxwell (London, 1882), 387.

Maxwell's text for the lecture is in the Maxwell Papers, Add. ms 7655, Cambridge University Library. It has been printed as an appendix in Jones R. V. , “James Clerk Maxwell at Aberdeen, 1856–1860”, Notes and records of the Royal Society of London, xxviii (1973), 57–81.

Pearson Karl “Old tripos days at Cambridge, as seen from another viewpoint”, Mathematical gazette, xx (1936), 27–36, p. 32.

Joule James Prescott . On some facts in the science of heat developed since the time of Watt, a lecture delivered to the Greenock Philosophical Society on 19 January 1865 (no place, no date), 14. The only copy of this fifteen page pamphlet of which I am aware is: Pa419, Lord Kelvin Manuscript Collection, Add. ms 7342, Cambridge University Library. For discussions by other Christian physical scientists of this general issue, which might be called “Genesis and physics”, see Maxwell's letter to the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol in Campbell L. and Garnett W. , Life of Maxwell (London, 1882), 393–5, and George Gabriel Stokes's and Charles Pritchard's contributions in The expositor, 4th series, iii (1891), 42–53.

Somerville Mary , On the connexion of the physical sciences (3rd edn, London, 1836), 412. Several Victorian physicists regarded man's mind as having been designed by God, although, so far as I know, they did not actually speak of man's mind as having been created in God's image. For Maxwell, Stokes, P. G. Tait and Kelvin, see my “Kelvin's scientific realism: The theological context”, The philosophical journal, xi (1974), 41–60, esp. 52.

For two other discussions of the area of Wallace's thought treated by Turner, see Smith Roger , “Alfred Russel Wallace: Philosophy of nature and man”, The British journal for the history of science, vi (1972), 177–99, and Kottler Malcolm Jay , “Alfred Russel Wallace, the origin of man, and spiritualism”, Isis, lxv (1974), 145–92.