Quantum Historiography and the Archive for History of Quantum Physics

Reiche F. , The quantum theory (Methuen, London, 1922). The third edition (London, 1930) contains supplementary material by Brose H. L. Keyston J. E. and a useful bibliography. Bligh N. M. , The evolution and development of the quantum theory (Arnold, London, 1923), is less extensive but occasionally more detailed than the last edition of Reiche, particularly in connection with the problems presented by the Compton effect.

See below, notes 80, 81.

Sommerfeld A. , Atombau und Spektrallinien (Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1919, 1921, 1922, 1924). The third edition was translated by Brose H. L. (Methuen, London. 1923).

van Vleck J. H. , “Quantum Principles and Line Spectra”, Bulletin of the National Research Council , liv (1926), 1–316. Landé A. , Die neuere Entwicklung der Quantentheorie (Steinkopff, Dresden and Leipzig, 1926), is a briefer, German counterpart of van Vleck's Bulletin. .

Chwolson O. D. , Die Physik 1914–1926 (Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1927).

Andrade E. N. da C. , The structure of the atom ( Bell G. , London, 1923).

Birtwhistle G. , The quantum theory of the atom (Cambridge University Press, 1926); The new quantum mechanics (Cambridge University Press, 1928).

Condon E. U. Shortley G. H. , The theory of atomic spectra (Cambridge University Press, 1935). Reprinted with corrections, 1957, 1959.

Hund F. , Linienspektren und periodisches System der Elemente (Springer, Berlin, 1927).

Kramers H. A. Holst H. , The atom and the Bohr Theory of its structure (Knopf, New York, 1923).

Ruark A. E. Urey H. C. , Atoms, molecules and quanta (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1930): Revised and reissued, Dover Publications, 1964.

White H. E. , Introduction to atomic spectra (McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1934).

Rubinowicz A. , “Ursprung und Entwicklung der älteren Quantentheorie”, Handbuch der Physik , xxiv, 1 (Springer, Berlin, 1933), 1–82. An earlier volume of the Handbuch [iv (1929), 408–576] carried Guth's E. “Entwicklung und Grundlagen der Quantenphysik”, which gives a shorter historical resumé than Reiche's and an extended description of the great advances of 1925–9.

Whittaker E. T. , A history of the theories of aether and electricity . ii, The modern theories (Nelson, London, 1953); reissued, Harpers, 1960.

Taton R. , ed., History of science . iv, Science in the twentieth century , tr. Pomerans A. J. (Basic Books, New York, 1966). This is of no use to the serious student of the history of quantum physics. Cf. Isis , lviii (1967), 283–4. While this review was in press Hund's F. new booklet, Geschichte der Quantentheorie (Mannheim, Bibliographisches Institut, 1967), came to hand. It is a sequence of often misleading epitomes of the important papers, written in the style of the introductions to the works cited in notes 19 and 20, and intended for advanced students of physics.

McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966.

Ibid. , p. vii.

See below, Sec. IV, for a description.

ter Haar D. , ed., The old quantum theory (Pergamon, Oxford, 1967).

van der Waerden B. L. , ed., Sources of quantum mechanics (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1967). Cf. Isis , lviii (1967), 409–20.

Schwinger J. , ed., Quantum electrodynamics (Dover, New York, 1958).

Hermann A. , ed., Dokumente der Naturwissenschaften. Abteilung Physik (Battenberg, Stuttgart, 1962–). See especially “Die Entwicklung der Atomtheorie bis Niels Bohr”, in vol. v (1964), pp. 7–31; “Zur Frühgeschichte der Quantentheorie”, in vol. vii (1966), pp. 7–22; “Die Quantentheorie der spezifischen Wärme”, in vol. viii (1967), pp. 7–19; and “Die Elektronenstossversuche von Franck und Hertz”, in vol. ix (1967), pp. 7–16. Hermann has gathered and augmented this material ( cf. , notes 77, 84, 100) in his Habilitationsschrift, Frühgeschichte der Quantentheorie 1899–1913 (in press), which should be a valuable addition to the literature. 23. Nobel laureates in physics (3 vols., Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York, 1964–7).

Hartmann H. , Max Planck als Mensch und Denker (3rd ed., Ott, Munich and Thun, 1953).

More R. , Niels Bohr (Knopf, New York, 1966). Barbara Cline's The questioners (Crowell, New York, 1965), a popular book like Miss More's, presents an ampler scientific biography of Bohr.

The most comprehensive biography is Kuznetsov B. G. Einstein TR. V. Talmy (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1965), which contains a useful bibliography. The best source for the earlier periods of Einstein's life, when he was the foremost contributor to quantum physics, is Seelig C. Einstein Albert (Staples Press, London, 1956). More popular but still valuable is the well-known biography by Frank P. , Einstein, his life and times (Knopf, New York, 1947). Cf . below, notes 77, 84.

Fermi L. , Atoms in the family (University of Chicago Press, 1954).

Einstein A. , “Autobiographical Notes”, in Schilpp P. A. , ed., Albert Einstein philosopher-scientist (reprint, 2 vols., Harper, New York, 1959), i, 1–95. (This is only half as long as the pages indicate, as it is presented in German and English.) Vol. ii, pp. 694–760, contains a bibliography of Einstein's writings, which should be supplemented by Boni N. A bibliographical checklist and index to the published writings of Albert Einstein (Pageant, Paterson, N.J., 1960).

Planck M. , Scientific autobiography and other writings , tr. Gaynor F. (Philosophical Library, New York, 1949). The French edition, Autobiographie scientifique et derniers écrits , ed. and tr. George A. (Albin Michel, Paris, 1960), contains a useful introduction by the editor.

Wien W. , Aus dem Leben und Wirken eines Physikers. Mit persönlichen Erinnerungen (Barth, Leipzig, 1930).

Born M. , Physik im Wandel meiner Zeit (4th ed., Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1966). Professor Born has also written an autobiography which, one hopes, will someday become public. Cf., Hermann in Dokumente (note 22), i, pp. 1–33.

Oxford University Press, 1956. See also Compton's “Personal Reminiscences”, in Marjorie Johnston , ed., The cosmos of Arthur Holly Compton (Knopf, New York, 1967), pp. 3–63.

See below, notes 116–18, 121, 122, 126, 127.

Pauli W. , ed., Niels Bohr and the development of physics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955); Festskrift til Niels Bohr (Fysisk-Tidsskrift, Copenhagen, 1955).

Debye P. , ed., Probleme der modernen Physik. Arnold Sommerfeld rum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (Herzel, Leipzig, 1928).

Pieter Zeeman 1865–25 Mei-1935. Verhandlingen op 25 Mei 1935 aangeboden aan Prof.-Dr. P. Zeeman (Nijhoff, The Hague, 1935).

Bopp F. , ed., Werner Heisenberg und die Physik unserer Zeit (Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1961), contains reminiscences (Bohr, Born, Hund) and philosophical essays ( Landé von Weizsäcker ).

Fierz M. Weisskopf V. F. , eds., Theoretical physics in the twentieth century. A memorial volume to Wolfgang Pauli (Interscience, New York, 1960), contains a bibliography of Pauli's writings and some historical articles noticed individually below (notes 116, 128).

Kockel B. eds., Max-Planck Festschrift 1958 (Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1958). Cf . below, note 80.

Melander L. eds., Manne Siegbahn 1856–1951 (Almquist and Wicksell, Uppsala, 1951), includes some account (in Swedish) of Siegbahn's career. Cf., Linda A. , “En svensk Nobelpristagare”, Kosmos v (1925–6), 5–63.

Frisch O. R. eds., Trends in atomic physics (Interscience, New York, 1959), contains brief histories of α-, β-, and γ-ray spectroscopy by Rosenblum S. Wu C. S. Gentner W. , respectively. (An identical edition was issued simultaneously by Vieweg under the title Beiträge zur Physik und Chemie des 20. Jahrhunderts. ).

Rozental S. , ed., Niels Bohr His life and work as seen by his friends and colleagues (Wiley, New York, 1967); articles by Nielsen Bloch Wheeler Rosenfeld Weisskopf in Physics today , xvi, 10 (Oct. 1963), 30–64. Rosenfeld L. , Niels Bohr. An essay dedicated to him on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, October 7, 1945 (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1961), is a short literary appreciation of Bohr's scientific style.

Beck A. , ed., Max Planck zum Gedenken (Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1959), with evaluations by Laue Hertz Heisenberg and fine photographs of the participants ( Born Courant Dirac Hahn Heisenberg Hertz Ioffe Meitner Weisskopf ) in the anniversary celebration at the Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Ioffe A. F. Grigor'iana A. T. , eds., Maks Plank 1858–1958 (Izd. Akademii Nauk, Moscow. 1958), contains short tributes by Hertz Ioffe Landau Laue; a list of Planck's writings and a useful bibliography of works about him; and several historical articles described below (notes 79, 80, 85).

The most recent and most complete account is Danin D. , Rezerford (Izd. Tsk Vlksm, Moscow, 1966), which draws largely on Eve A. S. Rutherford (Macmillan, New York; Cambridge University Press, 1939). Both print many extracts from the extant correspondence. More popular biographies are Feather N. Lord Rutherford (Blackie, London and Glasgow, 1940), and Andrade E. N. da C. , Rutherford and the nature of the atom (Doubleday, New York, 1964). Some interesting reminiscences by former colleagues will be found in Birks J. B. , ed., Rutherford at Manchester (Heywood, London, 1962).

Strutt R. J. , 4th baron Rayleigh J. J. Thomson O. M. (Cambridge University Press, 1942); Thomson G. P. Thomson J. J. and the Cavendish Laboratory in his day (Doubleday, New York, 1965).

Thomson J. J. , Recollections and reflections (Bell & Sons, London, 1936).

Howorth M. , The life story of Frederick Soddy (New World, London, 1958).

Earl of Birkenhead, The Professor and the Prime Minister. The official life of Professor Lindemann F. A. Cherwell Viscount (Riverside Press, Cambridge; Houghton Miffin, Boston, 1962); published in England as The Prof in two worlds (Collins, London, 1961).

Milne E. A. Jeans Sir James . A biography (Cambridge University Press, 1952).

Douglas A. V. , The life of Arthur Stanley Eddington (Nelson, London, 1956).

Strutt R. J. , 4th baron Rayleigh, Strutt John William , third baron Rayleigh (Longmans, New York; Arnold, London, 1924).

Frenkel' Ia. , Iakov Wich Frenkel’ (Izd. ‘Nauka’, Moscow, 1966).

Sominskii M. S. , Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (Akademiia Nauk, Leningrad, 1964).

Starosel'skaya-Nikitina O. A. , Paul Langevin [see Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences , nos. 72–3 (1965), 323–5].

Eve Curie , Madame Curie, tr. V. Sheean (Doubleday, New York, 1937); Curie M. Curie TR. C. Pierre Kellogg V. (Macmillan, New York, 1923), reissued by Dover Publications, 1963.

Runge I. , Carl Runge und sein wissenschaftliches Werk (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Gottingen , math.-phys. Klasse; den Hoek Van Ruprecht , Göttingen, 1949).

de Haas-Lorentz G. L. , ed., Lorentz H. A. , Impressions of his life and work , tr. Auer J. C. F. (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1957).

Goran M. , The story of Fritz Haber (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1967).

Albert Rosenfeld , The quintessence of Irving Langmuir (Pergamon, Oxford, 1966).

Hahn O. , Vom Radiothor zur Uranspaltung (Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1962); translated by Ley W. as Otto Hahn. A scientific autobiography (Scribner's, New York, 1966).

Kayser H. , “Errinerungen”, typescript at the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia).

Ostwald W. , Lebenslinien. Eine Selbstbiographie (3 vols., Klasing, Berlin, 1926–7).

Millikan R. A. , Autobiography (Macdonald, London, 1951).

Wiener N. , I am a mathematician (Doubleday, New York, 1956), reprinted, M.I.T. Press, 1966, includes a chapter on the author's visit to Göttingen in the midtwenties.

There are several studies of Oppenheimer's administrative and political careers, but these do not touch upon his early work in physics. An apparently more relevant book, Oppenheimer M. Rouzé's Robert . The man and his theories , tr. Evans P. (Souvenir, London, 1964), is in fact trivial.

Scott W. T. , Erwin Schrödinger. An introduction to his writings . (University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1967). Cf., Hermann in Dokumente (note 22), iv, 173–92; and Przibram K. ed., Schrödinger Planck Einstein Lorentz zur Wellenmechanik Briefe (Wien, Springer, 1963), now available in an English translation by Klein M. , Letters on wave mechanics (New York, Philosophical Library, 1967).

See below, notes 102–5.

The collected papers of Debye Peter J. W. (Interscience, New York, 1954) is a selection made by Debye.

Ehrenfest P. , Collected scientific papers , ed. Klein M. J. (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1959).

Kramers H. A. , Collected scientific papers , ed. Casimir H. B. G. , (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1956).

Born M. , Ausgewählte Abhandlungen (2 vols., den Hoek Van Ruprecht Göttingen , 1963). The first volume, pp. xiii–xxiv, contains an essay, “Uber meine Arbeiten”; the second reprints, i.a. , Born's obituary notices of colleagues and ends with a complete bibliography of his writings.

Fermi E. , Collected papers (Note e memorie) , ed. Segrè E. , (2 vols., University of Chicago Press, 1962–65), with a “Biographical Introduction”, i, pp. xvii–xlii, by Segrè.

Pauli W. , Collected scientific papers , ed. Kronig R. Weisskopf V. (2 vols., Interscience, New York, 1964).

Planck M. , Physikalische Abhandlungen und Vorträge (3 vols., Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1958) includes some appreciations by colleagues.

Chadwick J. , ed., The collected papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson (3 vols., George Allen & Unwin, London, 1962–5).

von Laue Max , Gesammelte Schriften und Vorträge (3 vols., Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1961), includes Laue's obituary notices of colleagues and, in vol. iii, pp. v–xxxiv, “Mein physikalischer Werdegang. Eine Selbstdarstellung”.

Bohr to Sommerfeld, March 1916 (AHQP [see Sec. IV]). Hermann has, however, published and annotated some of Sommerfeld's correspondence, in a book not yet come to hand: Hermann A. , Albert Einslein–Arnold Sommerfeld, Briefwechsel . 60 Briefe aus dem goldenen Zeitalter der modernen Physik (Basel, 1968).

Behrens C. , “Atomic theory from 1904 to 1913”, American journal of physics , xi (1943), 60–6; “The early development of the Bohr Theory”, American journal of physics , xi (1943), 135–47; and “Further developments of Bohr's early atomic theory”, American journal of physics , xi (1943), 272–81.

Polak L. , “Vozniknovenie kvantovoi fiziki”, Ocherki razvitiia fizicheskikh idei (Izd. Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1959), pp. 323–89 (which reappeared as “Kvantovaia fizika ot M. Planka do N. Bora”, in Maks Plank 1858–1958 [see n. 43], pp. 143–220), is a good summary of work done on black-body radiation, atomic structure, radiation and quantum theory from 1900 to 1913. The author has published the weaker parts of his material again as “Pervye shagi kvantovoi fiziki”, Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki , vi (1958), 56–71; “Die Entstehung der Quantentheorie des Atoms (Das Rutherford-Borsche Atommodell)”, Sowjetische Beiträge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft (Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1960), pp. 226–42. Polak makes no use of the excellent Western work on either topic (see following notes).

Rosenfeld L. , “La première phase de l'évolution de la théorie des quanta”, Osiris , ii (1936), 149–96; “Max Planck et la définition statistique de l'entropie”, in Max-Planck Festschrift 1958 (see n. 39). pp. 203–11. Cf. Kapustinskii A. F. , “Maks Plank kak termodinamik i fiziko-khimik”, in Maks Plank 1858–1958 (see n. 43), pp. 109–25.

Klein M. , Max Planck and the beginnings of the Quantum Theory”, Archive for history of exact science , i (1962), 459–79; “Planck, entropy and quanta, 1901–1906”, Natural philosopher , i (1963), 82–108; “Einstein's first paper on quanta”, Natural philosopher , ii (1963), 59–86 [see also n. 113]; “Einstein, specific heats, and the early quantum theory”, Science , cxlviii (1965), 173–80; “Thermodynamics in Einstein's thought”, Science , clvii (1967), 509–16; “Ehrenfest's contributions to the development of quantum physics”, Proceedings of the Academy of Amsterdam B , lxii (1959), 41–62.

Nikitenko G. I. , “Vozniknovenie kvantovoi teorii sveta”, Trudy instituta istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki , xxviii (1959), 405–20, with references to contributions of Russian physicists, e.g., Ioffe and Krutkov.

McCormmach R. , “J. J. Thomson and the structure of light”, British journal for the history of science , iii (1967), 362–87.

Hermann A. , “Albert Einstein und Johannes Stark. Briefwechsel und Verhältnis der beiden Nobelpreisträger”, Sudhoffs Archiv , 1 (1966), 267–85; Lorentz H. A. , “Praeceptor physicae. Sein Briefwechsel mit dem deutschen Nobelpreisträger Johannes Stark”, Janus , liii (1966), 99–114; “Die Entdeckung des Stark-Effektes”, in Dokumente (note 22), vi, pp. 7–16; “Die frühe Diskussion zwischen Stark und Sommerfeld über die Quantenhypothese”, Centaurus , xii (1968), 38–59.

Starosel'skaia-Nikitina O. A. Polak L. S. , “Maks Plank i pervyi sol'veevskii kongress”, in Maks Plank 1858–1958 (see n. 43), pp. 221–43.

McCormmach R. , “Henri Poincaré and the quantum theory”, Isis , lviii (1967), 37–55.

Pelseneer J. , Cinquantenaire des premiers conseils de physique Solvay, 1911–1961 (Institut Solvay, Bruxelles, 1961); the same author's unpublished Historique des instituts internationaux de physique et de chimie Solvay depuis leur fondation jusqu'à la deuxième guerre mondiale (103 pp., 1962) is available on film in the Archive for History of Quantum Physics (Sec. IV, below). Cf. Bohr N. , “The Solvay meetings and the development of quantum physics”, in The quantum theory of fields (Interscience, New York, 1963), pp. 13–36; Hermann A. , “Das Jahr 1913 und der zweite Solvay-Kongress”, Physikalische Blätter , xix (1963), 453–62; Langevin A. , “Paul Langevin et les congrès de physique Solvay”, Pensée no. cxxix (1966), 3–32, no. cxxx (1966), 89–104.

Maier C. L. , “The role of spectroscopy in the acceptance of an internally structured atom (1860–1920)” (unpublished thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1964), Dissertation abstracts , xxv (1964–5), 4109. This and the dissertations mentioned in notes 89, 97, 110, 111, and 138 are, or will be, available from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan, as indicated in Dissertation abstracts..

Heilbron J. L. , “A history of the problem of atomic structure from the discovery of the electron to the beginnings of quantum mechanics” (unpublished thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1964), Dissertation abstracts , xxv (1964–5), 7216. For a special case see Yagi E. , “On Nagaoka's saturnian atomic model”, Japanese studies in the history of science , iii (1964), 29–47.

Ihde A. J. , The development of modern chemistry (Harper & Row, New York, 1966).

Chalmers T. W. , A short history of radioactivity (The Engineer, London, 1951).

Romer A. , ed., The discovery of radioactivity and transmutation (Dover, New York, 1964).

Starosel'skaia-Nikitina O. A. , Istoriia radioakiivnosti i vozniknoveniia iadernoi fiziki (Izd. Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1963).

Ewald P. P. , ed., Fifty years of X-ray diffraction (Oosthoek, Utrecht, 1962).

Glasser O. , Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the early history of Roentgen rays ( Thomas C. C. , Springfield, Ill., 1934), gives an immense bibliography, supplemented somewhat in the same author's more popular Dr. W. C. Röntgen (2nd ed., Thomas C. C. , Springfield, Ill., 1958).

Nisio S. , “From Balmer to the Combination Principle”, Japanese studies in the history of science , v (1966), 50–74.

Spencer J. B. , “An historical investigation of the Zeeman Effect 1896–1913” (unpublished thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1964), Dissertation abstracts , xxv (1964–5). See also Maier , op. cit . (n. 88).

Whittaker E. T. , op. cit . (n. 14). The promising paper by Shpol'skii E. V. , “A century of spectrum analysis”, Soviet Physics Uspekhi , ii (1959), 958–73, turns out to focus on Kirchhoff and Bunsen.

Heilbron J. L. , “The scattering of α and β Particles and Rutherford's atom”, Archive for the history of exact science , iv (1967), 247–307, where references to earlier literature are given.

Hermann A. , “Arthur Erich Haas und die erste Quantenansatz für das Atom” Sudhoffs Archiv , xlix (1965), 255–68; “Arthur Eric Haas and the first quantummechanical approach to atomic structure”, Actes du XI congrès international d'histoire des sciences (1968), iii 424–9; “Arthur Eric Haas-Eine Biographie”, in Dokumente (note 22), x, 7–25.

McCormmach R. , “The atomic theory of Nicholson John William ”, Archive for the history of exact science , ii (1966), 160–84.

Rosenfeld L. , “Introduction” to On the constitution of atoms and molecules (Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1963), a reprinting of Bohr's three papers of 1913.

McCormmach , op. cit . (see n. 101).

Hirosige T. Nisio S. , “Foundation of Bohr's theory of atomic constitution”, Japanese studies in the history of science , iii (1964), 1–28.

Heilbron J. L. Kuhn T. S. , “The genesis of Bohr's atom”, Historical studies in the physical sciences , i (in press).

McCormmach , op. cit. ; Heilbron J. L. , “The work of H. G. J. Moseley”, Isis , lvii (1966), 336–64.

Meyer-Abich K. , Korrespondenz, Individualität, Komplementarität (Steiner, Wiesbaden, 1965).

Klein M. , “Origins of Ehrenfest's Adiabatic Principle”, Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of the History of Science (1962) (Hermann, Paris, 1964), pp. 801–4.

Heilbron J. L. , “The Kossel–Sommerfeld Theory and the ring atom”, Isis , lviii (1967). Recently Nisio S. , “The role of the chemical considerations in the development of Bohr atom model”, Japanese studies in the history of science , vi (1967), 26–40, has noticed some of the constraints chemical phenomena placed, or should have placed, on the assignment of electronic configurations to each atomic species.

Forman P. , “The environment and practice of atomic physics in Weimar Germany” (unpublished thesis. University of California, Berkeley, 1967).

Steuwer R. , “The history of the Compton Effect” (unpublished thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1968). See also Bartlett A. A. , “Compton Effect: Historical background”, American journal of physics , xxxii (1964), 120–7.

Forman P. , “The Doublet Riddle and atomic physics c. 1924”, Isis , lix (1968), 156–74. Cf., Raman V. V. Forman P. , “Why was it Schrödinger who developed De Brogue's ideas?” Historical studies in the physical sciences , i (in press).

Klein M. J. , “Einstein and the wave-particle duality”, Natural philosopher , iii (1964). 3–49.

Kuhn T. S. , talk to the American Philosophical Society, 1965 (unpublished).

Glebov L. A. , “Iz istorii sozdaniia kvantovoi mekhaniki”, Trudy instituta istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki , xxxviii (1959), 421–50.

de L. Kronig R. , “The turning point”, in Theoretical physics in the twentieth century , eds. Fierz M. Weisskopf V. F. , pp. 5–39 (see n. 38).

Goudsmit S. A. , “Die Entdeckung des Elektronspins”, Physikalische Blätter , xxi (1965), 445–53.

E.g., Compton A. H. , “The scattering of X-rays as particles”, American journal of physics , xxix (1961), 817–20; Hund F. , “Göttingen, Kopenhagen, Leipzig im Rückblick”, in Werner Heisenberg und die Physik unserer Zeit , ed. Bopp F. , pp. 1–7 (see n. 37 above); van Vleck J. H. , “American physics comes of age, Physics today , xvii (1964), 21–6. There are many other such accounts, e.g., in Born , Physik im Wandel meiner Zeit , and in the interviews of AHQP (see Sec. IV).

Tomonaga S. , Quantum mechanics : i, Old quantum theory (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1962).

Meyer-Abich , op. cit . (see n. 107). Cf. Isis , lviii (1967), 409–19.

Heisenberg W. , “The development of the interpretation of the quantum theory”, in Niels Bohr , ed. Pauli , pp. 12–39 (see n. 34).

Born , Physik im Wandel meiner Zeit. .

Rosenfeld L. , “Foundations of quantum theory and complementarity”, Nature , cxc (1961), 384–8.

Kuznetsov B. , “Einstein et Bohr”, Organon (Warsaw), ii (1965), 105–21. The principals themselves tell the story in Einstein, ed. Schilpp (n. 28).

Klein , “Einstein and the wave-particle duality”, Natural philosopher , iii (1964), 3–49.

Hylleras E. A. , “Reminiscences from early quantum mechanics of two electron atoms”, Review of modern physics , xxxxv (1963), 421–31.

Thomson G. P. , “Early work in electron diffraction”, American journal of physics , xxix (1961), 821–5.

van der Waerden B. L. , “Exclusion principle and spin”, in Theoretical physics in the twentieth century , eds. Fierz Weisskopf , pp. 199–244.

Hanson N. R. , Concept of the positron (Cambridge University Press, 1963).

Kuhn T. S. Heilbron J. L. Forman P. Allen L. , Sources for history of quantum physics. An inventory and report (American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1967).

The Archive has since received eighteen additional reels, bringing the Scientific Correspondence up to 1945.

There is also a new film of a selection of the Stark correspondence held at the Deutsches Museum, Munich.

See n. 110.

See n. 109.

See n. 101.

Talk at the American Historical Association, Toronto, 1967.

I except the fine paper of Rosenfeld Rüdinger (in Niels Bohr , ed. Rozental [n. 42 above]) which, though they utilise material now in the Archive, was prepared from the original documents before its establishment.

Mr Kevles is a professor at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Mr Small , a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, is preparing a dissertation on “The helium atom in the older quantum theory”.

Most recently by Jammer , The conceptual development of quantum mechanics , p. 91.

See n. 109.

See Forman's thesis (n. 110) for some details.

I owe many of the points which follow to Forman.

de S. Price D. J. , “A guide to graduate study and research in the history of science and medicine”, Isis , lviii (1967), 393–403.