Theories of Scientific Method from Plato to Mach

In compiling this bibliography, I have not sought completeness, particularly not in regard to the major philosophical classics and their commentators; I have tried rather to include those works which are not widely known or cited. This applies especially to the many unpublished dissertations listed below.

Note: Where the same book or journal appears often in the following bibliography, I have adopted the following conventions as abbreviations:.

AAJP: Australasian journal of philosophy .

ACIHS: Actes du congrès international d'histoire des sciences .

AGP: Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie .

AIHS: Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences .

AJP: American journal of physics .

APQ: American philosophical quarterly .

AS: Annals of science .

BJHS: British journal for the history of science .

BJPS: British journal for the philosophy of science .

JHI: Journal of the history of ideas .

JHP: Journal for the history of philosophy .

NS: The new scholasticism .

PM: Philosophical magazine .

POS: Philosophy of science .

PPR: Philosophy and phenomenological research .

PR: Philosophical review .

RDM: Revue des deux-mondes .

RF: Revista di filosofia .

RHP: Revue d'histoire de philosophie .

RHS: Revue d'histoire des sciences .

RMM: Revue de métaphysique et du morale .

SR: Le soleil à la renaissance (Bruxelles, 1965).

Adam C. , De methodo apud Cartesium, Spinozam et Leibnitium . Thesis, Paris, 1883.

Adam C. , La philosophie de François Bacon . Paris, 1890.

Adamson R. , Roger Bacon: The philosophy of science in the 13th century . Manchester, 1876.

Adickes E. , Kant als Naturforscher . 2 vols., Berlin, 1924–25.

Adler F. , Ernst Machs Überwindung des mechanischen Materialismus . Wien, 1918. Albertus Magnus , Opera omnia (ed. Jammy ). 21 vols., Lugdini, 1686.

Alek-Kowalski T. , “L'idée de la science selon l'interprétation de Jan Dziatyñski: Une contribution aux origines du positivism polonais”, Organon , iii (1966), 219–23.

Alessia F. , Mito e scienza in Ruggero Bacone . Milan, 1957.

Alexander P. , “The philosophy of science, 1850–1910”, in A critical history of western philosophy (ed. O'Connor , Glencoe, Ill., 1964).

Aliotta A. , Il nuovo positivismo e lo sperimentalismo . Roma, 1954.

Allbutt T. , “Palissy, Bacon and the revival of natural science”, Proceedings of the British Academy , vi (1913–14), 223 ff.

Allmayer V. , F. Bacone . Palermo, 1908.

Altenburg M. , Die Methode des Hypothesis bei Platon, Aristoteles und Proklus . Marburg, 1905.

Ampère A.-M. , Théorie mathématique des phénomènes électrodynamiques, uniquement déduite de l'expérience . Paris, 1824.

Ampère A.-M. , Essai sur la philosophie des sciences, ou exposition analytique d'une classification de toutes la connaissances humaines . Paris, 1834. (Reprinted Bruxelles, 1966.)

Ampère A.-M. , Journal et correspondance . 7 vols., Paris, 1872.

Anderson F. , “The influence of contemporary science on Locke's methods and results”, University of Toronto studies in philosophy , ii (1923), no. 1.

Anderson F. , The philosophy of Francis Bacon . Chicago, 1948.

André-Nuytz L. , “Le spiritualisme et l'école expérimentale”, La philosophie positive , iv (1869), 135–53.

Anschutz R. , The philosophy of J. S. Mill . London, 1953.

Apelt E. , Die Theorie der Induction . Jena & Leipzig, 1854.

Apostle H. , “Methodological superiority of Aristotle over Euclid”, POS , xxv (1958), 131–4.

Thomas Aquinas , Opera omnia . 15 vols., Rome, 1882–1930.

Ardley G. , Aquinas and Kant: The foundations of the modern sciences . London, 1950.

Aristotle , Posterior analytics in Works (ed. McKeon R. ). N.Y., 1962.

Armstrong H. , “Aristotle's views on theory and experiment”, American journal of physics , xxxiv (1966), 168–169.

Arnauld A. Nicole P. , La logique, ou l'art de penser . 2nd ed., Paris, 1664. (First English translation of first edition, London, 1662. A more reliable one is that of Baynes T. S. , London, 1851.)

Audiffrent G. , Le positivisme et la science contemporaine . Paris, 1896.

Augustyn W. , “Le rôle du scepticisme dans le méthode de Descartes”, Résumés des communications, XII congrès int. d'histoire des sciences (Paris, 1968), p. 10.

Avenarius R. , Philosophie als Denken der Welt gemass dem Prinzip des kleinsten Kraftmasses. Prolegomena zu einer Kritik der reinen Erfahrung . Leipzig, 1876.

Bachelard G. , Étude sur l'évolution d'un problème de physique . Paris, 1927.

Bacon F. , Works (ed. Ellis Spedding ). 14 vols., London, 1857–74.

Roger Bacon , Opera quaedam hactenus inedita (ed. Brewer ). London, 1859.

Roger Bacon , Opus majus (trans. Burke). Philadelphia, 1928.

Bäumker C. , “Über die Lockesche Lehre von den primären und sekundären Qualitäten”, Philosophisches Jahrbuch des Görresgesellschaft , xxxiii (1912), 399 ff.

[ Bailey S. ], Essays on the pursuit of truth, on the progress of knowledge and on the fundamental principle of all evidence and expectation . London, 1829.

Baillaud B. , De la méthode dans la science . Alcan, 1911.

Bain A. , The senses and the intellect . London, 1855.

Bain A. , Logic . 2 vols., London, 1870.

Bain A. , John Stuart Mill: A criticism with personal recollections . London, 1882.

Balme D. , “Greek science and mechanism, I & II”, Classical quarterly , xxxiii (1939), 19 ff.

Barnes H. , “The historical background and setting of the philosophy of Francis Bacon”, Scientific monthly , xviii (1924), 475–95.

Barthez P.-J. , Nouveaux éléments de la science de l'homme , 1st ed., Montpelier, 1778; 2nd ed., Paris, 1806.

Baur L. , Die Philosophie des Robert Grosseteste . Münster, 1914.

Bayer R. , Épistémologie et logique depuis Kant jusqu'à nos jours . Paris, 1954.

Bcauduc L. , “L'idée de méthode chez Descartes”, Reuve générale du centre-ouest de la France , no. 44 (1939), 641–9.

Becher E. , “The philosophical views of Ernst Mach”, PR , xiv (1905), 535–62.

Becher E. , Philosophische Voraussetzungen der exakten Naturwissenschaften . Leipzig, 1906.

Becher S. , Erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchungen zu Stuart Mills Theorie der Kausaltāt . Halle, 1906.

Beck L. , The method of Descartes . Oxford, 1952.

Beck L. , “L'unité de la pensée et de la méthode”, Cahiers de Royaumont , no. 42 (1957), 393–411.

Beddoes T. , Observations on the nature of demonstrative evidence . London, 1793.

Belin-Milleron J. , “L'expression bio-sociologique de la plante, les mythes végétaux et la méthode en philosophie des sciences”, AIHS , xxxiii (1954), 276–81.

Belin-Milleron J. , “Note sur l'histoire des méthodes dans les sciences humaines”, 11th ACIHS (1965), Varsovie, Cracouie, Sects. 1–3, p. 73.

Belin-Milleron J. , “L'histoire des méthodes dans les sciences humaines”, Organon , iii (1966), 71–7.

Bénézé G. , La méthode expérimentale . Paris, 1954.

Bentham G. , Outline of a new system of logic . London, 1827.

Bentham J. , “An essay on nomenclature and classification”, in his Chrestomathia (London, 1966).

Bergmann H. , “Brentano's theory of induction”, PPR , v (1945).

Bergson H. , “La philosophie de Claude Bernard”, in his La Pensée et le mouvant (Paris, 1934).

Berkeley G. , De motu in Works of Berkeley (ed. Luce Jessop ). Vol. 4, Edinburgh, 1951.

Bernard G. , Introduction à l'étude de la médecine expérimentale . Paris, 1865. (Eng. trans. by Green H. , N.Y., 1927.)

Bernard C. , Philosophie, manuscrit inédit (ed. Chevalier ). Paris, 1938.

Bertauld P.-A. , De la méthode: Méthode spinosiste et méthode hégélienne . 2nd ed., Paris, 1891.

Bertauld P.-A. , Positivisme et philosophie scientifique . Paris, 1899.

Berthet J. , “La méthode des Descartes avant la Discours”, RMM, iv (1896), 399–415.

Beth͘ E. , De wijsbegeerte der wiskunde van Parmenides tot Bolzano . Antwerp, 1944.

Beth E. , “Critical epochs in the development of the theory of science”, BJPS , i (1950), 27 ff.

Beth E. , “Nieuwentyt's significance for the philosophy of science,” in his Science: A road to wisdom (Dordrecht, 1968), 35–41.

Biéchy A. , Essai sur la méthode de Bacon . Paris, 1855.

Biéchy A. , L'induction . Paris, 1869.

Bird O. , “Peirce's theory of methodology”, POS , xxvi (1959), 186–200.

Birkenmajor A. , “Copernic comme philosophe”, in SR. .

Biro G. , “The roots of positivism in the history of physics”, Résumés des communications, XII congrès int. d'histoire des sciences (Paris, 1968), 19–20.

Blake R. , “The role of experience in Descartes' theory of method”, PR , xxxviii (1929), 125–43, 210–17. (Reprinted in Madden (1960a), 50–74.)

Blake R. , “Isaac Newton and the hypothetico-deductive method”, PR , xlii (1933), 453–86. (Reprinted in Madden (1960a), 119–43.)

Blake R. , “Theory of hypothesis among renaissance astronomers”, in Madden (1960a), 22–49.

Blanché R. , Le rationalisme de Whewell . Paris, 1935.

Bloch L. , La philosophie de Newton . Paris, 1908.

Blüh O. , “Did the Greeks perform experiments?”, AJP , xvii (1949), 384 ff.

Blunt H. , “Bacon's method of science”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society , N.S., iv (1904), 16–31.

[Hall] M. Boas , “Boyle as a theoretical scientist”, Isis , xli (1950), 261–8.

[Hall] M. Boas , “The establishment of the mechanical philosophy”, Osiris , x (1952), 412–541.

[Hall] M. Boas , “In defense of Bacon's views on the reform of science”, The personalist , xliv (1963), 437–53.

[Hall] M. Boas , “La méthode scientifique de Robert Boyle”, RHS , ix (1956), 105–25.

[Hall] M. Boas , Robert Boyle on natural philosophy . Bloomington, Ind., 1965.

Böhmer H. , Über Francis Bacon von Verulam: Die Verbindung der Philosophie mit der Naturwissenschaft . Erlangen, 1864.

Böhmer H. , Über Franzis Bacon von Verulam … ein Wort der Kritik an Herrn J. von Liebig . München, 1864.

Boehner P. , “Ockham's theory of truth”, Franciscan studies , N.S., v (1945), 138 ff.

Boehner P. , Medieval logic . Manchester, 1952.

Boerhaave H. , De comparando certo in physicis . Leyden, 1715.

Boiroc E. , L'idée de phénomène . Paris, 1894.

du Bois-Reymond E. , Über die Grenzen des Naturerkennens . Leipzig, 1872.

du Bois-Reymond P. , Über die Grundlagen der Erkenntnis in den exacten Wissenschaften . Tübingen, 1890.

Boltzmann L. , Populāre Schriften . Leipzig, 1905.

Bolzano B. , Wissenschaftslehre . Sulzbach, 1837.

Bordeau L. , Théorie des sciences . 2 vols., Paris, 1882.

Bottinelli E.-P. , A. Cournot . Paris, 1913.

Bourgey L. , Observation et expérience chez Aristote . Paris, 1955.

Boussinesq J. , Étude sur divers points de la philosophie des sciences . Paris, 1880.

Boutroux É. , De la contingence des lois de la nature . Paris, 1874. (Eng. trans., Rothwell , Chicago, 1916.)

Boutroux É. , De l'idée de loi naturelle dans la science et la philosophie . Paris, 1895.

Boutroux É. , “Auguste Comte et la métaphysique”, Revue des cours et conférences , x (1902), part 1, 769–76; part 2, 206–13, 547–54 and 735–47; xi (1902), 57–64 and 145–53.

Bouvier R. , La pensée d'Ernst Mach . Paris, 1923.

Bowen F. , A treatise on logic, or the laws of pure thought . Cambridge, Mass., 1866.

Boyle R. , Works (ed. Birch ). 6 vols., London, 1772–6.

Bradley J. , Ernst Mach's philosophy of science . Doctoral dissertation, London, 1966.

Brandt F. , Thomas Hobbes' mechanical conception of nature . London, 1928.

Bratuscheck E. , “Der Positivismus in der Wissenschaft”, Philosophische Monatshefte , xi (1875), 49–64.

Brent J. , A study of the life of Charles Sanders Peirce . Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles, 1960.

Bridet J. , La théorie de la connaissance dans la philosophie de Malebranche . Paris, 1929.

Briggs J. , “D'Alembert: Philosophy and mechanics in the eighteenth century”, University of Colorado studies: Series in history , no. 3 (1964).

Britton K. , John Stuart Mill . London, 1953.

Broad C. , “Francis Bacon and scientific method”, Nature , cxviii (1926), 487–8, 523–4.

Broad C. , The philosophy of Francis Bacon . Cambridge, 1926.

Brochard V. , “Méthode expérimentale chez les anciens”, Revue de philosophie , 1887.

Broda E. , Ludwig Boltzmann, Mensch, Physiker, Philosoph . Wien, 1955.

de Broglie P. , Le positivisme et la science expérimentale . 2 vols., Paris, 1881.

Brown G. , Science: Its method and philosophy . London, 1950.

Brown T. , An inquiry into the relation of cause and effect . London, 1818.

T Brown , Lectures on the philosophy of the human mind . 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1820.

Brown T. M. , The mechanical philosophy and the “animal oeconomy” . Doctoral dissertation, Princeton, 1968.

Brumbaugh R. , “Plato and the history of science”, Studium generale , xiv (1961), 520–7.

Brunet A. , “Science et certitude selon Aristole”, Philosophie , i (1936), 67–77.

Brunet P. , “La méthodologie de Mariotte”, AIHS , i (1947), 26–59.

Brunschvicg L. , L'expérience humaine et la causalité physique . Paris, 1912.

Buchdahl G. , “Sources of scepticism in atomic theory”, BJPS , x (1959), 120–34.

Buchdahl G. , The image of Newton and Locke in the age of reason . London, 1962.

Buchdahl G. , “Descartes' anticipation of a ‘logic of scientific discovery’”, (1963a), in Crombie (1963a), 399–417.

Buchdahl G. , “The relevance of Descartes' philosophy for modern philosophy of science”, BJHS , i (1963b), 227–49.

Buchdahl G. , Induction and necessity in the philosophy of Aristotle (London, 1963c).

Buchdahl G. , “Theory construction: The work of Norman Robert. Campbell”, Isis , lv (1964), 151–62.

Buchdahl G. , “Causality, causal laws and scientific theory in the philosophy of Kant”, BJPS , xvi (1965), 187–208.

Buchdahl G. , “Semantic sources of the concept of law”, Synthese , xvii (1967), 54–74.

Buchdahl G. Laudan L. , eds., Historical and Philosophical Works of William Whewell . 10 vols., London, 1967.

Buchdahl G. , “Gravity and intelligibility: Newton to Kant”, (1969), in Butts (1969b).

Buchdahl G. , Metaphysics and philosophy of science: The classical origins, Descartes to Kant . London, forthcoming.

Buchenau A. , “Über Malebranches Lehre von der Wahrheit und ihre Bedeutung für die Methodik der Wissenschaften”, AGP , xxiii (1910), 145–83.

Buchler J. , Charles Peirce's empiricism . London, 1939.

Buchler J. , The concept of method . London, 1961.

Büchner L. , Kraft und Stoff . 7th ed., Leipzig, 1862.

Buek O. , “Michael Faradays System der Natur und seine begrifflichen Grundlagen”, in Philosophische Abhandlungen zu H. Cohens 70. Geburtstag (Berlin, 1912), 99–122.

Buffier C. , Traité des premières vérités, et de la source de nos jugements . Paris, 1724.

Buffier C. , Cours des sciences . Paris, 1732.

Bunge M. , “Mach's critique of Newtonian mechanics”, American journal of physics , vii (1966), 585–96.

Burke H. , “Sir Isaac Newton's formal conception of scientific method”, NS , x (1936), 93–115.

Burkert W. , Weisheit und Wissenschaft, Studien zu Pythagoras, Philoloas und Platon . Nürnberg, 1962.

Burks A. , “Peirce's theory of abduction”, POS , xiii (1946), 301–6.

Burnet J. , “Experiment and observation in Greek science” Burnet's Essays and observations (London, 1929), 253–64. (French trans. in Scientia , xxxiii (1923), 93–102.)

Burtt E. , “The contemporary significance of Newton's metaphysics”, in Greenstreet , 137–40.

Burtt E. , The metaphysical foundations of modern science . 2nd ed., London, 1932.

Burtt E. , “Method and metaphysics in Newton”, POS , x (1943), 57–66.

Butts R. , “Rationalism in modern science: D'Alembert and the esprit simpliste”, Bucknell review, viii (1959).

Butts R. , “Hypothesis and explanation in Kant's theory of science”, AGP , xliii (1961), 153–70.

Butts R. , “Kant on hypotheses in the ‘Doctrine of method’ and the Logik”, AGP, xliv (1962), 185–203.

Butts R. , “Necessary truth in Whewell's theory of science”, APQ , ii (1965a), 1–21.

Butts R. , “Discussion: On Walsh's reading of Whewell's view of necessity”, POS , xxxii (1965b), 175–81.

Butts R. , “Discussion: Professor Marcucci on Whewell's idealism”, POS , xxxiv (1967), 175–83.

Butts R. , ed., William Whewell's theory of scientific method . Pittsburgh, 1969a.

Butts R. , ed., The methodological heritage of Newton . Toronto, 1969b.

Butts R. , “Whewell on Newton's rules of philosophizing”, in Butts , 1969b.

Caillat J. , “La méthode scientifique de Pascal”, Revue d'histoire littéraire de la France , xxx (1923), 273–99.

Cain A. , “Logic and memory in Linnaeus's system of taxonomy”, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London , clxix (1958), 144–63.

Cajori F. , “The Baconian method of scientific research”, Scientific monthly , xx (1925), 85–91.

Callot E. , Histoire de la Philosophie biologique par les textes . Paris, 1966.

Campa M. , “Galilei e l'empiricismo”, in Nel terzo della morte di Galileo Galilei . Milano, 1942, 229–56.

Campanale D. , “La filosofia della scienza di A. Comte”, Rassegna di scienze filosofiche , 1960, nos. 2–4.

Cannon W. , “John Herschel and the idea of science”, JHI , xxii (1961), 215–39.

Carnap R. , Philosophy and logical syntax . London, 1935.

Carnap R. , “Testability and meaning”, POS , iii (1936), 419 ff. and iv (1937), 1 ff.

Caro E. , “La métaphysique et les sciences positives”, RDM , 1866, 421–52.

Carton R. , L'expérience physique chez Roger Bacon . Paris, 1924.

Carus P. , “Professor Mach's philosophy”, The monist , xvi (1906).

Cassirer E. , Descartes' Kritik des mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis . Marburg, 1899.

Cassirer E. , Leibniz' System in seinen wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen . Marburg, 1902.

Cassirer E. , Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit . 3 vols., Berlin, 1911–20.

Cassirer E. , “Goethe und die mathematische Physik”, in Idee und Gestalt (Berlin, 1920).

Cassirer E. , Substance and function . Chicago, 1923.

Cassirer E. , “Die Antike und die Entstehung der antiken Wissenschaft”, Die Antike , viii (1923), 276–300.

Cassirer E. , “Descartes et l'idée de l'unité de la science”, Revue de synthèse , xiv (1937), 7–28.

Cassirer E. , “Descartes' Wahrheitsbegriff”, Theoria , xii (1937), 161–87.

Cassirer E. , “Wahrheitsbegriff und Wahrheitsproblem bei Galileo”, Scientia , lxii (1937), 121–30, 185–93.

Cassirer E. , Descartes, Lehre, Persōnlichkeit, Wirkung . Stockholm, 1939.

Cassirer E. , “Mathematische Mystik und mathematische Naturwissenschaft”, Lychnos , iii (1940), 248–65.

Cassirer E. , “Galileo: A new science and a new spirit”, American scholar , xii (1943), 5–19.

Cassirer E. , “Newton and Leibniz. Galileo and the scientific revolution”, PR , lii (1943), 366–91.

Cassirer E. , “Galileo's platonism”, in Montagu , 277–98.

Cassirer E. , The problem of knowledge . New Haven, 1950.

Caverai R. , Storia del metodo in Italia . 5 vols., Firenze, 1891–8.

Challis J. , “On Newton's ‘foundation of all philosophy’”, PM , 4th ser., xxvi (1863), 280–92.

Challis J. , “On Newton's regula tertia philosophandi”, PM , 5th ser., ix (1880), 21–33.

de la Chappelle Abbé , “Hypothèse” in Encyclopédie (Paris, 1751–65), viii, 417–18.

Charleton W. , Physiologia Epicuro—Gassendo—Charltoniana: Or a fabrick of science natural, upon the hypothesis of atoms, founded by Epicurus, repaired by Petrus Gassendus, augmented by Walter Charleton . London, 1654.

Charlton D. , Positivist thought in France during the Second Empire, 1852–1870 . Oxford, 1959.

Charpentier T. , “La logique du hazard d'après John Venn”, Revue philosophique , vi (1878).

Chauvois L. , William Harvey, sa vie et son temps, ses découvertes, sa méthode . Paris, 1957.

Cheng C.-Y. , Peirce's and Lewis' theories of induction . Doctoral dissertation, Harvard, 1964.

Cheng C.-Y. , “A note on Peirce's theory of induction”, JHP , v (1967), 361–4.

Cheng C.-Y. , “Requirements for the validity of induction: An examination of Charles Peirce's theory”, PPR , xxviii (1968), 392–402.

Chevreul E. , Lettres adressées à M. Villemain, sur la méthode en général et sur la définition du mot “fait”, relativement aux sciences, aux lettres, aux beaux-arts . Paris, 1856.

Chevreul E. , Introduction à l'histoire des connaissances chimiques. Connexions des sciences du domaine de la philosophie naturelle, exposées conformément à la méthode a posteriori expérimentale sous la double rapport de l'analyse et de la synthèse . Paris, 1866.

Chevreul E. , De la méthode a posteriori expérimentale, et de la généralité de ses applications . Paris, 1870.

Child J. , “Newton and the art of discovery”, in Greenstreet , 117–29.

Chisholm R. , “Sextus Empiricus and modern empiricism”, POS , viii (1941), 371–84.

Church R. , Bacon . London, 1908.

Clagett M. , ed., Critical problems in the history of science . Madison, 1959.

Classen J. , Vorlesungen über moderne Naturphilosophen . Hamburg, 1908.

Clavelin M. , “Galilée et le refus de l'équivalence des hypothèses”, RHS , xvii (1964), 385–96.

Clifford W. , The common sense of the exact sciences . London, 1885.

Clifford W. , Lectures and essays . 2 vols., London, 1901.

Cohen H. , Kants Theorie der Erfahrung . 3rd ed., Berlin, 1918.

Cohen I. B. , Franklin and Newton . Philadelphia, 1956.

Cohen I. B. , ed., Isaac Newton's letters and papers on natural philosophy . Cambridge, Mass., 1958.

Cohen I. B. , “Conservation and the concept of electric change: An aspect of philosophy in relation to physics in the nineteenth century”, in Clagett , 357–83.

Cohen I. B. , “The first English version of Newton's hypotheses non fingo”, Isis, liii (1962), 379–88.

Cohen I. B. , “Hypotheses in Newton's philosophy”, Physis , viii (1966), 163–84.

Cohen M. , “Bacon and the inductive method”, in Studies in philosophy and science (N.Y., 1949a), 99–106.

Cohen M. , “Philosophy and scientific methods”, Studies in philosophy and science (N.Y., 1949b).

Collingwood F. , “Thomas Aquinas' notion of a physical science”, in Guerlac , 581–5.

Comte A. , Cours de philosophie positive . 6 vols., Paris, 1830–42. (Partial English trans. by Martineau , London, 1896, 3 vols.).

Comte A. , Discours sur l'esprit positif . Paris, 1844. (English trans. by Beesley , London, 1903).

Comte A. , System of positive polity . 4 vols., London, 1875–7.

Comte A. , Essais de philosophie mathématique . Paris, 1878.

Condillac E. , Traité des systèmes in Oeuvres philosophiques (ed. Le Roy , Paris, 1947), ii.

Cope J. , Joseph Glanvill . St. Louis, 1956.

Copernicus N. , De revolutionibus orbium caelestium . Nuremberg, 1543.

Corr C. , Order and method in Christian Wolff's philosophy . Doctoral dissertation, St. Louis University, 1966.

Costa C. , Augusto Comte e as origens do positivismo . Sāo Paulo, 1957.

Cotard H. , La pensée de Claude Bernard . Grenoble, 1945.

Cournot A. , Essai sur les fondements de nos connaissances et sur les caractères de la critique Philosophique . 2 vols., Paris, 1852.

Cournot A. , Traité de l'enchaînement des idées fondamentales dans les sciences et dans l'histoire . 2 vols., Paris, 1861.

Couturat L. , La logique de Leibniz . Paris, 1901. Reprinted Hildesheim , 1961.

Crawford J. , The relation of inference to fact in Mill's logic . Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, 1913.

Crawford L. , The philosophy of Émile Boutroux . N.Y., 1924.

Crescini A. , Le origini del metodo analitico . Udine, 1965.

Cresson A. , Francis Bacon . Paris, 1956.

Crombie A. C. , “Scholastic logic and the experimental method”, AIHS , i (1947), 280–5.

Crombie A. C. , “Some reflections on the history of science and its conception of nature”, AS , vi (1948), 54–75.

Crombie A. C. , “The notion of species in medieval philosophy and science”, AIHS , iv (1951), 365–73.

Crombie A. C. , Robert Grossetesle and the origins of experimental science, 1100–1700 . Oxford 1953a; 2nd impression, 1962; 3rd impression, 1969.

Crombie A. C. , “Robert Grosseteste on the logic of science”, Actes du XIème congrès int. de philosophie (Bruxelles, 1953b), xii, 171–3.

Crombie A. C. , “Galileo's conception of scientific truth”, in Literature and science: Proc. of the VIth Triennial Congress of the International Federation for Modern Languages and Literature . Oxford, 1955a, 132–8.

Crombie A. C. , “Grosseteste's position in the history of science”, in Robert Grosseteste: Scholar and bishop (ed. Callus , Oxford, 1955b).

Crombie A. C. , Galilée devant les critiques de la postérité . Paris, 1956.

Crombie A. C. , “Newton's conception of scientific method”, Bulletin of the Institute of Physics , viii (1957), 350–62.

Crombie A. C. , Medieval and early modern science: Augustine to Galileo , 2nd ed., 2 vols. (Cambridge, Mass. and New York, 1959a; London, 1961).

Crombie A. C. , “The significance of medieval discussions of scientific method for the scientific revolution”, (1959b), in Clagett , 79–101.

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