Scholarship and the History of the Behavioural Sciences

Postman , 1962; Watson , 1963; Hearnshaw , 1964; Miller , 1964. Two collections of notes have also appeared: Roback , 1961; Esper , 1964. The standard work by Flugel has also appeared in an edition revised by West, 1964.

Boring , 1961; Boring , 1963; Herrnstein Boring , 1965.

Agassi , 1963.

Boring , 1963, p. 80.

See also Watson , 1953, 1959, 1960, 1960[a], 1961. Professor Watson and Dr Eric T. Carlson were the prime movers in founding the new Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences, which Watson now edits. He has also been active in the founding of a Division of the History of Psychology in the American Psychological Association.

Head , 1926; Boring , 1950; Riese Hoff , 1950–1; Stokey , 1954; Walker , 1957; Brazier , 1959; Tizard , 1959; Sheer , 1961. I would except from this rather perseverative study of cerebral localization the original articles of Jefferson , 1960; Meyer , 1960; Zangwill , 1961; Clarke , 1963; Brazier , 1961; Benton Joynt , 1960. One should also mention the rather imaginative historical reconstruction of Ferrier's discoveries by Thorwald, 1960 (Chapter 1). The bibliographies of Brazier , 1959 and Sheer , 1961 are a rich mine of sources for original research.

I make no comments on H. G. Gouch's treatment of clinical versus statistical prediction or J. P. McKee and M. J. Honsik on the sucking behavior of animals as an illustration of the nature-nurture question. In his discussion of the mechanism of hunger and thirst, M. R. Rosenzweig provides a detailed and extremely thorough review of the literature up to the present.

Cf. Wilkie , 1959 and Gillispie , 1956, 1959.

Spencer , 1887. The Preface to the separately printed version of “The factors of organic evolution” contains material of importance to the history of psychology which does not appear in the version which was reprinted in Spencer's Essays. Cf. Romanes, 1895.

Postman , 1947.

Waters , 1934.

Cason , 1932.

Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior. Krasner Cf. , 1958; Salzinger , 1959.

Gomulicki , 1953.

Rapaport , 1942, p. 265.

Especially for historical material on Binet and Féré, 1887.

Boring , 1963, p. 109.

I am treating Boring (1961) and Boring (1963) as a unit. The tables of contents of these works should be consulted to determine which items are contained in which book.

If any of his works is to be excepted from this judgement it would be Boring (1942).

Boring , 1963 [a].

This is an expanded version of the account published in the 4th volume of the series A history of psychology in autobiography, Boring , 1952, pp. 27–52. Cf. Murchison , 1930, 1932, 1936.

Mercier , 1925, pp. 42–3.

James , 1924, pp. 107–8, 111–112.

Boring , 1961, pp. 95–98.

Boring , 1961, pp. 110–111, 130. Cf. his obituary of Titchener in Ibid., pp. 246–265 and the dedication of Boring, 1950.

Boring , 1950, pp. 329–338, 384–385; 1961, pp. 213 and 215.

Boring , 1963, pp. 159–184.

Quoted in Wiener , 1949, p. 19.

Bain , 1855, pp. v–vi.

Bain , 1868, p. 59.

Ibid., pp. 64–73.

Ibid., pp. 296–306.

Ibid., p. 296. Cf. Bain , 1855, p. 289.

Boring , 1950, p. 236.

Müller , 1838, 1842.

Boring , 1961, p. 15.

Boring , 1950, p. vii.

This point has been most clearly appreciated by Lewes G. H. , See Lewes , 1857, pp. 629–645. It was made with more reservations in the later editions: Cf. Lewes , 1871, pp. 412–454.

Spoerl , 1935–6.

Ibid., p. 224.

Ibid., p. 225.

Boring , 1950, p. 53. Incidentally, Gall's theory had 27 faculties, not 37. One of the arguments used against phrenology was the way its list of ‘fundamental’ faculties kept growing.

Ibid., p. 59.

Boring , 1942, p. 94; 1963, pp. 171 and 182.

Watson , 1963, p. 226; Postman , 1962, p. 34.

Head , 1926.

Boring , 1963, p. 329; Temkin , 1946, 1946[a], 1947; Olmsted, 1944; cf. Olmsted , 1953.

Passmore , 1957. A comparison of this work with the one by Flugel in the same series makes my point nicely, and the two revisions Flugel's work has undergone drive it home.

Kuhn , 1964, p. 2.

For example, Brazier , 1959[a]; Magoun , 1958; Sheer , 1961.

Kuhn , 1964, p. 3. Cf. Buchdahl , 1965.

Herrnstein R. J. in Contemporary psychology, ix (1964) 195.

See also Butterfield , 1931.

Stocking , 1965[a].

Burtt , 1932, pp. 318–319.

Balz , 1951, p. 196. See also Whitehead, 1926 and Dijksterhuis, 1961 on the problems of primary and secondary qualities and final causes.

Crombie , 1964; Vartanian , 1953, 1960; Halévy , 1952; Albee , 1962.

Quoted in Murphy , 1949, p. 269.

Freud (1891) 1953. Cf. the Introduction by Stengel Stengel , 1954; Riese , 1956, 1958; Jones , 1953.

Watson , 1913, 1925. Cf. Bergmann , 1956. See also Watson R. I. , 1963, p. 376: “Anything smacking of the mental was anathema to Watson. It was as if to him the mental was outside this rational world of ours, running in the dark with the other ghosts and goblins.”

Bain , 1903, pp. 162–188. Strawson has demonstrated the philosophic significance of this point: Material objects are the basic particulars of both ordinary language and of science. See Strawson , 1959.

Mason , 1962, Chs. 27 and 28.

Spencer , 1904, Vol. I, p. 470.

Halévy , 1952.

Ribot , 1873.

Warren , 1921.

Brett , 1930, p. 45.

Murphy , 1949, p. 283.

Hume , 1738, Bk. I, sect. 4 (Everyman Edition, 1911, p. 21).

Hartley , 1749, Vol. I, p. 6.

Oldfield Oldfield , 1951.

Rand , 1923.

Bower , 1881.

Gibbs , 1965. Priestley's works on the mind and the controversies surrounding his psychological and philosophical writings deserve study. His Theological and miscellaneous works were published (1817–32).

Schofield , 1963.

Halévy , 1952.

Lewes , 1857, and later editions. Lewes added chapters on Hartley, Erasmus Darwin. Cabanis, and Gall to the second edition (1857) of this work. His reasons for adding these figures—if they could be discovered—should shed light on the development of psychology as a biological science in the 1850s.

King-Hele , 1963, pp. 52 and 48.

George , 1964, pp. 272–273, 235, 243–246.

Eiseley , 1959[a], Ch. xi. Cf. Eiseley , 1959.

Some of the evidence which supports this claim may be found in Chambers , 1884, pp. xxx, 365–368, 373, 379–383; Combe , 1827; Gibbon , 1878, Vol. II, pp. 187–189; [Chevenix], 1828; Lewes , 1857, pp. 629–645; Lewes , 1871, Vol. II, pp. 412–454; Temkin , 1947, pp. 307–313; Davies , 1955; Wallace , 1905, Vol. I, pp. 234–236, 257–262; Wallace , 1898, Ch. xvi; Romanes , 1895, pp. 20–22; Spencer , 1904, Vol. I, pp. 200–203, 225–228, 246–247, 297, 378–379, 540–543; Spencer , 1908, p. 40; Spencer , 1851, pp. 75–89; Spencer , 1855, pp. 606–611; Jefferson , 1960, pp. 35–44: Denton , 1921. A similar claim could be made for French naturalism and positivism: See Greene , 1959 and Temkin , 1947.

Amacher , 1964. On phrenology, see Laycock , 1859.

Laycock , 1840, 1845, 1855, 1860. Cf. Crichton-Browne , 1938, pp. 40–41.

Wiener (1949) discusses this period very competently. There is additional material in Perry (1935).

Dewey , 1896.

Dewey , 1900.

Dewey , 1910, pp. 1–20.

Dewey , 1910, pp. 8–9. Re James Dewey , see Dykhuizen , 1962; White , 1943; Hofstadter , 1955, esp. Ch. vii; Perry , 1935, esp. Ch. lxxxi. See also Madden , 1963; Schilpp , 1939; Mead , 1936, Dewey , 1931, 1930, 1963; Thomas , 1962; Harrison , 1963.

Angell , 1907, pp. 439–440.

Titchener , 1898.

Ruckmich , 1913; Dallenbach , 1915.

Watson , 1913, p. 463.

Watson , 1916.

Bergmann , 1956.

The primary literature of functionalism is readily available in the textbooks and journals of the period, while many of the papers await investigation. Important secondary sources for functional psychology include Heidbreder , 1933, Chs. 4–6; Carr , 1930; Pillsbury , 1929; Murphy , 1949; Boring , 1950; Hilgard Marquis , 1940; Hilgard , 1948, 1960; Marx Hillix , 1963; Woodworth , 1951. The Presidential Addresses to the American Psychological Association, which appeared in the Psychological review, would themselves form the basis for an interesting study.

See, however, Picavet , 1891; Rosen , 1946; Temkin , 1946 and the suggestions contained in the writings of Vartanian, 1953, 1960.

Fearing , 1930; Canguilhem , 1955. Cf. Liddell , 1960.

I have not seen the unpublished doctoral dissertation (Oxford) by French R. K. : Robert Whytt (1714–66) and the problem of the seat of the soul (1965 or 1966).

Roback , 1927.

Allport , 1937.

A beginning can be made from the works of Guer , 1749; Warden , 1927; Cohen , 1936; Rosenfield , 1941; Hastings , 1936; Jennings , 1906; Washburn , 1908; Carr , 1927; Romanes , 1882, 1883.

Temkin , 1964.

See Riese , 1958; Stengel , 1954, 1963.

Freud , 1954, Ch. 7.

Freud Anna , 1937; Hartmann , 1958, 1964; Erikson , 1959; Rapaport (in Erikson, 1959); Rapaport Gill , 1959.

Brown , 1959; Reiff , 1959.

Freud , 1954; Bernfield , 1950; Kris , 1950; Riese , 1958; Stengel , 1954; Pribram , 1962; Anderson , 1962; Greenfield and Lewis, 1965; Amacher , 1965.

Whyte , 1960; von Hartmann , 1931. Cf. Margetts , 1953; Riese , 1958[a]; Sours , 1961.

Rapaport , 1960; Shakow Rapaport , 1964. Other works in the same series are Erikson , 1959; Gill , 1963; Amacher , 1965.

See Bibliography (below).

Rapaport , 1938.

Frosch Ross , 1964; Grinstein (in progress).

Hunter MacAlpine , 1963.

Zilboorg Henry , 1941.

Schenck , 1960.

Ackerknecht , 1959.

Walker , 1957; Bromberg , 1959.

Mora , 1965, 1965[a].

Krantz , 1965.

Cardno , 1962[a].

Many recent symposia consist of papers followed by discussion, for example, Jeffress , 1951; Kruse , 1957; Brazier , 1959[a], 1959[b], 1960; Delafresnaye , 1961. The popularity of symposia in the behavioural sciences has produced something of an ‘information explosion’.

Murchison , 1930, 1932, 1936; Boring , 1952.

Spencer , 1908, pp. 457–458.

Teuber , 1959.

Tenon , 1809; Anon., 1824; Carpenter , 1846; Hunt , 1868–69; Dodds , 1878; Bastian , 1887; Mills , 1890; Soury , 1899.

Postman , 1962.

Koch , 1959–63.

Woodworth , 1931, 1964; Hilgard , 1948; Hilgard Marquis , 1940; Stevens , 1951; Osgood , 1953.

Koch , 1959–63; Stevens , 1939.

Pribram , 1960; Bergmann , 1953. Cf. Kretch Klein , 1952.

Bergmann , 1952.

Kuhn , 1964, p. 12.

Burtt , 1932, pp. 225 sqq; Whitehead , 1925, pp. 80–82; Lovejoy , 1960, p. 23; Hesse , 1961, pp. v, 98, 125, passim.

Livingstone , 1962, p. 60.

Skinner , 1959.

Bergmann , 1956.

Bridgman , 1927, 1959; Boring , 1933; Stevens , 1939, Pratt , 1939; Brunswick , 1952; Marx , 1951; Marx Hillix , 1963.

See Stocking , 1965, p. 57.

Taylor , 1964, p. 111.

Strawson , 1958; Taylor , 1964.

Smythies , 1965; Ramsey , 1965.

Vartanian , 1953, 1960.

Jefferson , 1960. See also Keele , 1957.

Crombie , 1964, 1964[a], 1964[b].

Randall , 1962.

For example, see Macintosh , 1860; Stewart , 1860; Lange , 1875; Stephen , 1902; Merz , 1904–12, Boas , 1925; Willey , 1934, 1940; Cassirer , 1951.

Stocking , 1965.

Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxvii (1963) 472–474.

Baldwin , Dictionary of philosophy and psychology, Vol. III (a bibliography prepared by Benjamin Rand, which appeared in 1902).

Psychological index (to 1935).

Psychological abstracts (1927–).

Isis annual bibliographies (very incomplete in this area).

Recent work in the history of medicine.

History of the behavioral sciences newsletter.

Contemporary psychology.

Ackerknecht Erwin H. , A short history of psychiatry (N.Y.: Hafner, 1959).

Agassi Joseph , Towards an historiography of science , in History and theory: Studies in the philosophy of history, 2 (The Hague: Mouton, 1963).

Albee Ernest , A history of English utilitarianism (1901, reprinted N.Y.: Collier, 1962).

Allport Gordon W. , Personality: A psychological interpretation (N.Y: Holt, 1937).

Amacher M. Peter , “Thomas Laycock, I. M. Sechenov, and the reflex arc concept”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxviii (1964) 168–183.

Amacher M. Peter , Freud's neurological education and its influence on psychoanalytic theory (N.Y: International Universities, 1965).

Anderson O. , Studies in prehistory of psychoanalysis: The etiology of psychoneuroses and some related themes in Sigmund Freud's scientific writings and letters, 1886–1896 (Stockholm, Svenska Bokförlaget, 1962).

Angell James R. , “The province of functional psychology”. Psychological review, xiv (1907) 61–91 (reprinted in Dennis , 1948, pp. 439–456).

Angell James R. , “The influence of Darwin on psychology”, Psychological review, xvi (1909) 152–169.

Anon. “Recent discoveries on the physiology of the nervous system”, Edinburgh medical and surgical journal, xxi (1824) 141–159.

Bain Alexander , The senses and the intellect (London: John W. Parker, 1855; 3rd ed., 1868).

Bain Alexander , The emotions and the will (London: John W. Parker, 1859; 3rd ed., 1875).

Bain Alexander , Dissertations on leading philosophical topics (London: Longmans, 1903).

Baldwin James M. (ed.), Dictionary of philosophy and psychology, 3 vols. in 4 (N.Y.: Macmillan, 1901; 2nd ed., 1925. Reprinted Gloucester, Mass: Smith , 1940, 1957, 1960).

Baldwin James M. , History of psychology: A sketch and an interpretation, 2 vols. (London: Watts, 1913).

Balz Albert G. A. , Cartesian studies (N.Y: Columbia, 1951).

von Bonin Gerhardt (trans.), Some papers on the cerebral cortex (Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1960).

Cassirer Ernst , The philosophy of the enlightenment, trans. Koelln F. C. A. Pettegrove J. T. (Princeton, 1951. Reprinted Boston: Beacon, 1955).

Bastian H. Charlton , The brain as an organ of mind (London: Kegan Paul, 1880).

Bastian H. Charlton , “The ‘muscular sense’; its nature and cortical localization”, Brain, x (1887), 1–89.

Benton Arthur Joynt Robert J. , “Early descriptions of aphasia”, Archives of neurology, iii (1960) 205–222.

Bergmann Gustav , “The problem of relations in classical psychology”, Philosophical quarterly, ii (1952) 140–152.

Bergmann Gustav , “Theoretical Psychology”, Annual review of psychology, iv (1953) 435–458.

Bergmann Gustav , “The contribution of John B. Watson”, Psychological review, lxiii (1956) 265–276.

Bernfield Siegfried , “Freud's scientific beginnings”, American imago, vi (1949) 3–36.

Binet Alfred Féré Charles , Animal magnetism (London: Kegan Paul, 1887).

Boas George , French philosophers of the romantic period (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1925).

Boring Edwin G. , Sensation and perception in the history of experimental psychology (N.Y: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1942).

Boring Edwin G. , A history of experimental psychology, 2nd ed. (N.Y: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1950).

Boring Edwin G. (ed.), A history of psychology in autobiography, Vol. IV (Worcester, Mass: Clark, 1952).

Boring Edwin G. , Psychologist at large: An autobiography and selected essays (N.Y: Basic, 1961).

Boring Edwin G. , History, psychology, and science: Selected papers. Edited by Watson Robert I. Campbell Donald T. (N.Y. and London: Wiley, 1963). Pp. xii + 372. 68s.

Boring Edwin G. , The physical dimensions of consciousness (N.Y: Century, 1933. Reprinted N.Y: Dover, 1963[a]).

Bower George S. , Hartley and James Mill (London: Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1881).

Brazier Mary A. B. , “Rise of neurophysiology in the nineteenth century”, Journal of neurophysiology, xx (1957) 212–226.

Brazier Mary A. B. , “The historical development of neurophysiology”, in Field J. (ed.) Handbook of physiology - neurophysiology, Vol. I (Washington: American physiological society, 1959) 1–58.

Brazier Mary A. B. (ed.), The central nervous system and behavior, 3 vols. (N.Y: Macy, 1959[a], 1959[b], 1960).

Brazier Mary A. B. , A history of the electrical activity of the brain: The first half-century (London: Pitman, 1961).

Brett George S. , Brett's history of psychology (3 vols., 1912–21) Ed. and Abridged by Peters R. S. (London: Allen and Unwin, 1953).

Brett George S. , “Historical development of the theory of emotions”, in Reymert M. L. (ed.) Feelings and emotions (Worcester, Mass: Clark, 1928) 388–397.

Brett George S. , “Associationism and ‘act’ psychology: A historical retrospect”, in Murchison Carl M. (ed.), Psychologies of 1930 (Worcester, Mass: Clark, 1930) 39–58.

Bridgman P. W. , The logic of modern physics (N.Y: Macmillan, 1927).

Bridgman P. W. , The way things are (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard, 1959).

Broadbent Donald E. , Behaviour (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1961).

Bromberg Walter , The mind of man, a history of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis (N.Y.: Harper, 1959).

Brooks Chandler McC. Cranefield P. F. (eds.), The historical development of physiological thought (N.Y: Hafner, 1959).

Brown Norman O. , Life against death: The psychoanalytic meaning of history (Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan, 1959. Reprinted N.Y: Random House, 1959).

Brozek Joseph , “Current status of psychology in the U.S.S.R.”, Annual review of psychology, xiii (1962) 515–566.

Brozek Joseph , “Recent developments in Soviet psychology”, Annual review of psychology, xv (1964) 493–594. (Cf. earlier volumes for review on the same subject by other authors.)

Brunswick Egon , The conceptual framework of psychology (Chicago, 1952).

Buchdahl Gerd , “A revolution in historiography of science”, History of science, iv (1965) 55–69.

Burrow John W. , “Evolution and anthropology in the 1860's: The anthropological society of London, 1863–71”, Victorian studies, vii (1963) 137–154.

Burt Cyril , “Gustav Theodor Fechner: Elements der Psychophysik, 1860–1960”, British journal of statistical psychology, xiii (1960) 1–10.

Burt Cyril , “Galton's contribution to psychology”, Bulletin of the British psychological society, xlv (1961) 10–21.

Burt Cyril , “Francis Galton and his contributions to psychology”, British journal of statistical psychology, xv (1962) 1–41.

Burtt Edwin A. , The metaphysical foundations of modern physical science, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1932).

Butterfield Herbert , The whig interpretation of history (London: Bell, 1931).

Canguilhem Georges , La formation du concept de réflexe aux XVII^e et XVIII^e siècles (Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1955).

Carmichael Leonard , “Sir Charles Bell: A contribution to the history of physiological psychology”, Psychological review, xxxiii (1927) 188–217.

Cardno J. A. , “Bain and physiological psychology”, Australian journal of psychology, vii (1955) 108–119.

Cardno J. A. , “Bain as a social psychologist”, Australian journal of psychology, viii (1956) 66–76.

Cardno J. A. , “Judgement in the history of psychology: Literature, science, or understanding”, Australian journal of psychology, xiii (1961) 175–183.

Cardno J. A. , “Natural limits and change of content in the history of psychology”, Psychological record, xii (1962) 289–298.

Cardno J. A. , “Personality and self, Lewes and James”, Psychological record, xii (1962[a]) 45–52.

Cardno J. A. , “The network of reference: Comparison in the history of psychology”, Journal of general psychology, lxviii (1963) 141–156.

Carpenter William B. , “Noble on the brain and its physiology”, British and foreign medical review, xxii (1846) 488–544.

Carr Harvey , “The interpretation of animal mind”, Psychological review, xxxiv (1927) 87–106.

Carr Harvey , “Functionalism”, in Murchison Carl (ed.), Psychologies of 1930 (Worcester: Clark Univ. Press, 1930) 59–80.

Cason Hulsey , “The pleasure-pain theory of learning”, Psychological review, xxxix (1932) 440–466.

Chambers Robert , Vestiges of the natural history of creation, 12th ed. (Edinburgh: Chambers, 1884).

[ Chevenix Richard ], “Gall and Spurzheim—phrenology”, Foreign quarterly review, ii (1828) 1–59.

Clarke Edwin , “The early history of the cerebral ventricles”, Transactions and studies of the college of physicians of Philadelphia, 4th series, xxx (1962) 85–89.

Clarke Edwin , “Aristotelian concepts of the form and function of the brain”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxvii (1963) 1–14.

Clarke Edwin Stannard Jerry , “Aristotle on the anatomy of the brain”, Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, xviii (1963) 130–148.

Cohen L. D. , “Descartes and More on the beast-machine”, Annals of science, i (1936) 48–61.

Combe George , Essay on the constitution of man, and its relation to external objects (Edinburgh: Neill, 1827).

Crichton-Browne James , The doctor remembers (London: Duckworth, 1938).

Crombie A. C. , “Early concepts of the senses and the mind”, Scientific American, ccx (1964) 108–116.

Crombie A. C. , “Kepler: De modo visionis”, in Cohen I. B. Taton R. (eds.), Mélanges Alexandre Koyré, Vol. II (Paris: Hermann, 1964[a]) 135–172.

Crombie A. C. , “The study of the senses in Renaissance science”, in Ithaca: Proceedings of the tenth international congress of history of science, 1962, Vol. I (Paris: Hermann, 1964[b]) 93–114.

Dallenbach K. M. , “The history and derivation of the word ‘function’ as a systematic term in psychology”, American journal of psychology, xxvi (1915) 473–484.

Darwin Erasmus , Zoonomia: Or, the laws of organic life, 2 vols. (London: Johnson, 1794–6).

Davies John D. , Phrenology, fad and science, a 19th century American crusade (New Haven: Yale, 1955).

Delafresnaye J. F. (ed.), Brain mechanism and learning, a symposium (Oxford: Blackwell, 1961).

Dennis Wayne , Readings in the history of psychology (N.Y: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1948).

Denton George B. , “Early psychological theories of Herbert Spencer”, American journal of psychology, xxxii (1921) 5–15.

Dessoir Max , Outlines of the history of psychology, trans. Fisher Donald (N.Y: Macmillan, 1912).

Dewey John , “The reflex arc concept in psychology”, Psychological review, iii (1896) 357–370.

Dewey John , “Psychology and social practice”, Psychological review, vii (1900) 105–124.

Dewey John , The influence of Darwin on philosophy (N.Y: Holt, 1910).

Dewey John , “From absolutism to experimentalism”, in Adams George P. Montague W. P. (eds.), Contemporary American philosophy, Vol. II (N.Y: Macmillan, 1930) 3–27.

Dewey John , “George Herbert Mead”, Journal of philosophy, xxviii (1931) 309–314.

Dewey John , Philosophy and civilization (N.Y.: Minton, Balch, 1931. Reprinted N.Y: Capricorn, 1963).

Dickie George , “Francis Hutcheson and the theory of motives”, American journal of psychology, lxxiv (1961) 625–629.

Dijksterhuis E. J. , The mechanization of the world picture, trans. (Oxford, 1961).

Dodds W. J. , “On the localisation of the functions of the brain: Being an historical and critical analysis of the question”, Journal of anatomy and physiology, xii (1878) 340–363, 454–494, 636–660.

Dunbar Flanders , Emotions and bodily change: A survey of literature on psychosomatic interrelationships 1910–1953, 4th ed. (N.Y: Columbia, 1954).

Dykhuizen George , “John Dewey and the university of Michigan”, Journal of the history of ideas, xxiii (1962) 513–544.

Eiseley Loren , “Alfred Russel Wallace”, Scientific American, cc (1959) 70–84.

Eiseley Loren , Darwin's century, evolution and the men who discovered it (London: Gollancz, 1959[a]).

Erikson Erik H. , Identity and the life cycle (N.Y: International Universities, 1959).

Esper Erwin A. , A history of psychology (Philadelphia: Saunders, 1964).

Fay Jay W. , American psychology before William James (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers, 1939).

Fearing Franklin , Reflex action: A study in the history of physiological psychology (London: Ballière, 1930).

Flugel J. C. , A hundred years of psychology (1933), 3rd ed. revised by West D. J. (London: Methuen, 1964).

Freud Anna , The ego and the mechanisms of defence, trans. Baines Cecil (London: Hogarth, 1937).

Freud Sigmund , On aphasia: A critical study (1891), trans. Stengel E. (N.Y: International Universities, 1953).

Freud Sigmund , The interpretation of dreams (1901), trans. Strachey James (London: Allen and Unwin, 1954).

Freud Sigmund , An outline of psychoanalysis (1938), trans. Strachey J. (N.Y: Norton, 1949).

Freud Sigmund , The origins of psycho-analysis, letters to Wilhelm Fliess, drafts and notes: 1887–1902. Introduction by Kris Ernst (N.Y: Basic, 1954).

Frosch John Ross Nathaniel (eds.), The annual survey of psychoanalysis, Vol. VIII (N.Y: International Universities, 1964).

Fulton John F. , Selected readings in the history of physiology (Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1930).

Gardiner H. M. Metcalf R. C. Beebe-Center J. G. , Feeling and emotion: A history of theories (N.Y: American Book Co., 1937).

George Wilma , Biologist philosopher, a study of the life and writings of Alfred Russel Wallace (London: Abelard-Schuman, 1964).

Gibbon Charles , The life of George Combe, author of “The constitution of man”, 2 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1878).

Gibbs F. W. , Joseph Priestley, adventurer in science and champion of truth (London: Nelson, 1965).

Gill Merton M. , Topography and systems in psychoanalytic theory (N.Y: International Universities, 1963).

Gillispie Charles C. , “The formation of Lamarck's evolutionary theory”, Archives Internationales d'histoire des sciences, ix (1956) 323–338.

Gillispie Charles C. , “Lamarck and Darwin in the history of science”, in Glass B. Forerunners of Darwin: 1745–1859 (Baltimore: Hopkins, 1959) 265–291.

Gomulicki Bronislaw R. , “The development and present status of the trace theory of memory”, British journal of psychology monograph supplements, xxix (Cambridge, 1953).

Gordon-Taylor Gordon Sir Walls E. W. , Sir Charles Bell: His life and times (London: Livingstone, 1958).

Grange Kathleen M. , “Pinel and eighteenth-century psychiatry”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxv (1961) 442–453.

Greene John C. , “Biology and social theory in the nineteenth century: Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer”, in Clagett Marshall (ed.) Critical problems in the history of science (Madison, Wisconsin: 1959) 419–446.

Greenfield Norman S. Lewis William C. (eds.), Psychoanalysis and current biological thought (Madison, Wisconsin: 1965).

Grinstein Alexander , The index of psychoanalytic writings, 5 vols. (N.Y: International Universities, in progress).

Guer Jean A. , Histoire critique de l'ame des bêtes contenant les sentimens des philosophes anciens et ceux des modernes sur cette matière, 2 vols. (Amsterdam: Chanquion, 1749).

Gussin Arnold E. S. , “Jacques Loeb: The man and his tropism theory of animal conduct”, Journal of the history of medicine, xviii (1963) 321–336.

Halévy Elie , The growth of philosophic radicalism, trans. Morris Mary (London: Faber & Faber, 1952).

Hamlyn D. W. , Sensation and perception, a history of the philosophy of perception (London: Routledge, 1961).

Harrison Ross , “Functionalism and its historical significance”, Genetic psychology monographs, lxviii (1963) 387–423.

Hartley David , Observations on man, his frame, his duty and his expectations, 2 vols. (London: Leake & Frederick, 1749).

von Hartmann Eduard , Philosophy of the unconscious (1868), trans. Coupland William C. (London: Routledge, 1931).

Hartmann Heinz , Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation, trans. Rapaport David (N.Y: International Universities, 1958).

Hartman Heinz , Essays on ego psychology (N.Y: International Universities, 1964).

Hastings Hester , Man and beast in French thought in the eighteenth century (Baltimore: Hopkins, 1936).

Haymaker Webb (ed.), The founders of neurology, one hundred biographical sketches (Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1953).

Head Henry , Aphasia and kindred disorders of speech, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1926).

Hearnshaw L. S. , A short history of British psychology, 1840–1940 (London: Methuen, 1964). Pp. xii + 331. 35s.

Heidbreder Edna , Seven psychologies (N.Y: Appleton, 1933).

Herrnstein Richard J. Boring Edwin G. , A source book in the history of psychology (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard, 1965). Pp. xx + 636. £5.

Hesse Mary B. , Forces and fields (London: Nelson, 1961).

Hilgard Ernest R. , Theories of learning (N.Y: Century, 1948; 2nd ed., 1958).

Hilgard Ernest R. Marquis D. G. , Conditioning and learning (N.Y: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1940); 2nd ed. Revised by Kimble Gregory A. (London: Methuen, 1961).

Hilgard Ernest R. , “Psychology after Darwin”, in Tax Sol , (ed.) Evolution After Darwin, Vol. II (Chicago, 1960) 269–287.

Hofstadter Richard , Social Darwinism in American thought, revised ed. (Boston: Beacon, 1955).

Howard D. T. , “The influence of evolutionary doctrine on psychology”, Psychological review, xxxiv (1927) 305–312.

Hulin W. S. , A short history of psychology (N.Y: Holt 1934).

Hume David , A treatise on human nature (1738) (reprint, 2 vols. London: Everyman, 1911).

Hunt James , “On the localisation of the functions of the brain with special reference to the faculty of articulate language”, Anthropological review, vi (1868) 329–345; vii (1869) 100–116, 210–214.

Hunter Richard MacAlpine Ida , Three hundred years of psychiatry 1535–1860 (London: Oxford, 1963).

Isaacson Robert L. , Basic readings in neuropsychology (N.Y: Harper & Row, 1964).

Jackson John Hughlings , Selected Writings, 2 vols. Edited by Taylor James (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1931. Reprinted N.Y: Basic, 1958).

James William , Memories and studies (N.Y: Longmans, 1924).

Jefferson Geoffrey Sir , Selected Papers (London: Pitman, 1960).

Jeffress Lloyd A. (ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior, the Hixon symposium (N.Y: Wiley, Jennings H. S. , Behavior of the lower organisms (N.Y: Columbia, 1906).

Jones Ernest , The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, 3 vols. (N.Y: Basic, 1953, 1955. 1957).

Kantor J. R. , The scientific evolution of psychology (Granville, Ohio: Principia, 1963).

Kardiner Abram Preble Edward , They Studied Man (London: Secker & Warburg, 1962).

Keele K. D. , Anatomies of pain (Oxford: Blackwell, 1957).

King Lester S. , “Stahl and Hoffmann: A study in eighteenth-century animism”, Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, xix (1964) 118–130.

King-Hele Desmond , Erasmus Darwin (London: Macmillan, 1963).

Koch Sigmund (ed.), Psychology: A study of a science, 6 vols. (N.Y: McGraw-Hill, 1959–63).

Krantz David L. , “Research activity in ‘normal’ and ‘anomalous’ areas”, Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences, i (1965) 39–42.

Krasner Leonard , “Studies of the conditioning of verbal behavior”, Psychological bulletin, lv (1958) 148–170.

Kretch David Klein George S. , Theoretical models and personality theory (Durham: Duke, 1952).

Kris Ernst , “The significance of Freud's earliest discoveries”, Internal journal of psychoanalysis, xxxi (1950) 108–116.

Kruse H. D. (ed.), Integrating the approaches to mental disease (N.Y: Hoeber, 1957).

Kuhn Thomas S. , The structure of scientific revolutions (Chicago, 1962; Phoenix edition, 1964).

Lange Frederick A. , The history of materialism and criticism of its present importance, 3rd ed., 3 vols. in 1 (1875), trans. Thomas E. C. (London: Routledge, 1925).

Lashley Karl S. , The Neuropsychology of Lashley: Selected Papers of K. S. Lashley. Edited by Beach F. A. (N.Y: McGraw-Hill, 1960).

Laycock Thomas , A treatise on the nervous diseases of women (London: Longmans, 1840).

Laycock Thomas , “On the reflex functions of the brain”, British and foreign medical review, xix (1845) 298–311.

Laycock Thomas , “Further researches into the functions of the brain”, British and foreign medical chirurgical review, xvi (1855) 155–187.

Laycock Thomas , “Phrenology”, in The encyclopedia Britannica, 8th ed., Vol. XVII (Edinburgh: Black, 1859) 556–567.

Laycock Thomas , Mind and brain, or the correlations of consciousness and organization, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox, 1860; 2nd ed., 1869).

Lewes George H. , The biographical history of philosophy from its origin in Greece down to the present day, 2nd edition (London: Parker, 1857).

Lewes George H. , The history of philosophy from Thales to Comte, 3rd ed., 2 vols. (London: Longmans, Vol. I, 1867; Vol. II, 1871).

Lewes George H. , Problems of life and mind, 5 vols. (London: Trübner, 1874–79).

Liddell E. G. T. , The discovery of reflexes (Oxford: Clarendon, 1960).

Livingston Robert B. , “How man looks at his own brain”, in Koch Sigmund (ed.), 1962 pp. 51–99.

Lovejoy Arthur O. , The great chain of being, a study in the history of an idea (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard, 1936. Reprinted N.Y: Harper, 1960).

Mackintosh James Sir , “Dissertation second: Exhibiting a general view of the progress of ethical philosophy chiefly during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries”, in The encyclopedia Britannica, 8th ed., Vol. I (Edinburgh: Black, 1860) 309–445.

Madden Edward H. , Chauncey Wright and the foundations of pragmatism (Seattle: Washington, 1963).

Magoun Horace W. , “Early development of ideas relating the mind with the brain”, in Wolstenholme G. E. W. O'Connor Celia M. (eds.), Ciba foundation symposium on the neurological basis of behaviour (London: Churchill, 1958) 4–27.

Magoun Horace W. , “Evolutionary concepts of brain function following Darwin and Spencer”, in Tax Sol (ed.), Evolution after Darwin, Vol. II (Chicago, 1960) 187–209.

Jean M. Mandler George , Thinking: From association to Gestalt (N.Y: Wiley, 1964).

Margetts E. J. , “The concept of the unconscious in the history of medical psychology”, Psychiatric quarterly, xxvii (1953) 115–138.

Marx Melvin H. , Psychological theory, contemporary readings (N.Y: Macmillan, 1951).

Marx Melvin H. Hillix William A. , Systems and theories in psychology (N.Y: McGraw-Hill, 1963).

Mason Stephen F. , A history of the sciences, revised ed. (N.Y: Collier, 1962).

McDougall William , Body and mind, a history and a defense of animism (London: Methuen, 1911).

Mead George H. , Movements of thought in the nineteenth century (Chicago, 1936).

Mercier Cardinal , The origins of contemporary psychology, 2nd ed., trans. Mitchell W. H. (London: Washbourne, 1918).

Mercier Charles , “Recollections”, in Jackson J. Hughlings , Neurological fragments (Oxford, 1925) 40–46.

Merz John T. , A history of European thought in the nineteenth century, 4 vols. (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1904–12. Reprinted N.Y: Dover, 1965).

Meyer Alfred , “Emergent patterns of the pathology of mental disease”, Journal of mental science, cvi (1960) 785–802.

Meyer Alfred Hierons Raymond , “A note on Willis's views on the corpus striatum and the external capsule”, Journal of neurological science, i (1964) 547–554.

Meyer Alfred Hierons Raymond , “On Thomas Willis's concepts of neurophysiology”, Medical history, ix (1965) 1–15, 142–155.

Miller George A. , Psychology, the science of mental life (London: Methuen, 1964).

Millhauser Milton , Just before Darwin. Robert Chambers and Vestiges (Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan, 1959).

Mills Charles K. , “Cerebral localisation in its practical relations”, Brain, xii (1890) 233–288, 358–406.

Mora George , “Historiography of psychiatry and its development: A re-evaluation”, Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences, i (1965) 43–52.

Mora George , “The history of psychiatry: A cultural and bibliographical survey”, Psychoanalytic review. lii (1995[a]) 154–183.

Morton Leslie T. , Garrison and Morton's medical bibliography, 2nd ed. (N.Y: Argosy, 1961).

Muckler Frederick A. , “On the reason of animals: Historical antecedents to the logic of modern behaviorism”, Psychological Reports, xii (1963) 863–882.

Müller Johannes , Elements of physiology, 2 vols. (1833–40), trans. Baly William (London: Taylor & Walton, Vol. I, 1838; Vol. II, 1842).

Murchison Carl (ed.), Psychologies of 1925 (Worcester, Mass: Clark, 1925).

Murchison Carl (ed.), Psychologies of 1930 (Worcester, Mass: Clark, 1930).

Murchison Carl (ed.), A history of psychology in autobiography, 3 vols. (Worcester, Mass: Clark, 1930, 1932, 1936. See Boring , 1952).

Murphy Gardner , Historical introduction to Modern psychology, revised ed. (N.Y: Harcourt, 1949).

Nunberg H. Ferden E. (eds.), Minutes of the Vienna psychoanalytic society, Vol. I, 1906–1908 (N.Y: International Universities, 1962).

Oldfield R. C. , “Changing views of behaviour mechanisms”, in Crombie A. C. (ed.), Scientific change (London: Heinemann, 1963) 577–589.

Oldfield R. C. Oldfield K. , “Hartley's Observations on Man”, Annals of science, vii (1951) 371–381.

Olmsted J. M. D. , François Magendie, pioneer in experimental physiology and scientific medicine in XIX century France (N.Y: Schuman's, 1944).

Olmsted J. M. D. , “Pierre Flourens”, in Underwood E. A. (ed.), Science, medicine and history, Vol. II (London: Oxford, 1953) 290–302.

Osgood Charles E. , Method and theory in experimental psychology (N.Y: Oxford, 1953).

Passmore John , A hundred years of philosophy (London: Duckworth, 1957).

Penniman T. K. , A hundred years of anthropology, 3rd ed. (London: Duckworth, 1965).

Perry Ralph B. , The Thought and Character of William James, 2 vols. (Boston: Atlantic-Little Brown, 1935).

Piaget Jean Fraisse Paul Reuchlin Maurice , Histoire et méthode . Vol. I of Fraisse Piaget (eds.), Traité de psychologie expérimentale, 9 vols. (Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1963).

Picavet François , Les idéologues, essai sur l'histoire des idées et des theories scientifiques, philosophiques, religieuses, etc. en France depuis 1789 (Paris: Alcan, 1891).

Pillsbury W.B. , The history of psychology (N.Y: Norton, 1929).

Postman Leo , “The history and present status of the law of effect”, Psychological bulletin, xliv (1947) 489–563.

Postman Leo (ed.), Psychology in the making: Histories of selected research problems (N.Y: Knopf, 1962). Pp. v + 785 + xxiv. $9.00.

Poynter F. N. L. (ed.), The history and philosophy of knowledge of the brain and its functions (Oxford: Blackwell, 1958).

Pratt Carroll C. , “Faculty psychology”, Psychological review, xxxvi (1929) 141–171.

Pratt Carroll C. , The logic of modern psychology (N.Y: Macmillan, 1939).

Pribram Karl H. , “A review of theory in physiological psychology”, Annual review of psychology, xi (1960) 1–40.

Pribram Karl H. , “The neuropsychology of Sigmund Freud”, in Bachrach Arthur J. (ed.), Experimental foundations of clinical psychology (N.Y: Basic, 1962) 442–468.

Priestley Joseph , Theological and miscellaneous works, 26 vols. (London: 1817–32).

Ramsey I. T. (ed.), Biology and personality, frontier problems in science, philosophy and religion (Oxford: Blackwell, 1965).

Rand Benjamin , The classical psychologists: Selections illustrating psychology from Anaxagoras to Wundt (Boston: Mifflin, 1912).

Rand Benjamin , “The early development of Hartley's doctrine of association”, Psychological review, xxx (1923) 306–320.

Randall John H. Jr. , The career of philosophy from the middle ages to the enlightenment (N.Y: Columbia, 1962).

Rapaport David , “Az asszociáció fogalomtörténete” [The history of the concept of association of ideas] (Budapest: Royal Hungarian Peter Pazmany University, 1938).

Rapaport David , Emotions and memory (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1942).

Rapaport David , “On the psychoanalytic theory of thinking”, International journal of psycho-analysis, xxxi (1950) 1–10.

Rapaport David , “The autonomy of the ego”, Bulletin of the Menninger clinic, xv (1951) 113–123.

Rapaport David , “The conceptual model of psychoanalysis”, Journal of personality, xx (1951) 56–81.

Rapaport David , “On the psychoanalytic theory of affects”, International journal of psycho-analysis, xxxiv (1953) 177–198.

Rapaport David , “The theory of ego autonomy: A generalization”, Bulletin of the Menninger clinic, xxii (1958) 13–35.

Rapaport David , “A historical survey of psychoanalytic ego psychology”, in Erikson (1959) 5–17.

Rapaport David , The structure of psychoanalytic theory: A systematizing attempt (N.Y: International Universities, 1960. Reprinted from Koch, vol. iii (1959) 55–183).

Rapaport David Gill Merton M. , “The points of view and assumptions of meta-psychology”, International journal of psycho-analysis, xi (1959) 1–10.

Rather Leland J. , “G. E. Stahl's psychological physiology”, Bulletin of medical history, xxxv (1961) 37–49.

Ribot Th. , English psychology, trans. Fitzgerald J. (London: King, 1873).

Ribot Th. , German psychology of to-day: The empirical school, 2nd ed., trans. Baldwin J. M. (N.Y: Scribner's, 1886).

Rieff Philip , Freud: The mind of the moralist (London: Gollancz, 1959).

Riese Walther Hoff Ebbel C. , “A history of the doctrine of cerebral localization”, Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, v (1950) 50–71; vi (1951) 439–470.

Riese Walther , “The sources of Jacksonian neurology”, Journal of nervous and mental diseases, cxxiv (1956) 125–134.

Riese Walther , “Freudian concepts of brain function and brain disease”, Journal of nervous and mental diseases, cxxvii (1958) 287–307.

Riese Walther , “The pre-Freudian origins of psychoanalysis”, in Masserman J. H. (ed.) Science and psychoanalysis, Vol. I (N.Y: Grune & Stratton, 1958[a]) 29–72.

Riese Walther , A history of neurology (N.Y: MD, 1959).

Riese Walther Arrington George E. , “The history of Johannes Müller's doctrine of the specific energies of the senses: Original and later versions”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxvii (1963) 179–183.

Roback A. A. , Bibliography of character and personality (Cambridge, Mass: Sci-Art, 1927).

Roback A. A. , History of American psychology (N.Y: Library, 1952).

Roback A. A. , The psychology of character, 3rd ed. (London: Routledge, 1952[a]).

Roback A. A. , History of psychology and psychiatry (N.Y: Philosophical Library, 1961).

Romanes E. (ed.), The life and letters of George John Romanes (London: Longmans, 1896).

Romanes George J. , Animal Intelligence (London: Kegan Paul, 1882).

Romanes George J. , Mental evolution in animals (London: Kegan Paul, 1883).

Romanes George J. , “The Darwinism of Darwin, and of the post-Darwinian schools”, The monist, vi (1895) 1–27.

Romanes George J. , Darwin and After Darwin, 3 vols. Vol. I, The Darwinian theory (London: Longmans, 1892); Vol. II, Post-Darwinian questions, heredity and utility; Vol. III, Post-Darwinian questions, isolation and physiological selection (Chicago: Open Court, Vol. II, 1895; Vol. III, 1897).

Romanes George J. , Essays (London: Longmans, 1897).

Rosen George , “The philosophy of Ideology and the emergence of modern medicine in France”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xx (1946) 328–339.

Rosen George , “Social attitudes to irrationality and madness in 17th and 18th century Europe”, Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences, xix (1963) 220–240.

Rosenfield L. C. , From beast-machine to man-machine (Oxford, 1941).

Ruckmich Christian A. , “The use of the term function in English textbooks of psychology”, American journal of psychology, xxiv (1913) 99–123.

Salzinger Kurt , “Experimental manipulation of verbal behavior: A review”, Journal of genetic psychology, lxi (1959) 65–94.

Schenck Jerome M. , A history of psychiatry (Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1960).

Schilpp Paul A. , The philosophy of John Dewey, 2nd ed. (N.Y: Tudor, 1951).

Schofield Robert E. , The Lunar Society of Birmingham (Oxford: Clarendon, 1963).

Shakow David Rapaport David , The influence of Freud on American psychology (N.Y: International Universities, 1964).

Sheer Daniel E. , “Brain and behavior: The background of interdisciplinary research”, in Sheer Daniel E. (ed.) Electrical stimulation of the brain (Austin: Texas, 1961) 3–21.

Shipley Thorne (ed.), Classics in psychology (N.Y: Philosophical Library, 1961).

Skinner B. F. , “A case history in scientific method”, in Koch (1959) 359–379.

Skinner B. F. , “Behaviorism at fifty”, Science, cxl (1960) 951–958.

Smythies J. R. (ed.), Brain and mind, modern concepts of the nature of mind (London: Routledge, 1965).

Sokolov M. V. , “The works of Soviet psychologists in the history of psychology”, in Anan'ev N. V. (eds.) Psychological science in the U.S.S.R., Vol. II (Washington: U.S. joint publishing research service, 1962) 873–960.

Soury Jules , Le systeme nerveux central: Structure et fonctions; histoire critiques des théories et des doctrines, Vol. I (Paris: Carré et Naud, 1899).

Sours John A. , “Freud and the philosophers”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxv (1961) 326–345.

Spearman Charles E. , Psychology down the ages, 2 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1937).

Spencer Herbert , Social statics (London: Chapman, 1851).

Spencer Herbert , The principles of psychology (London: Longmans, 1855; 2nd ed., London: Williams & Norgate, 10871–2; 3rd ed., 1890).

Spencer Herbert , The factors of organic evolution (London: William and Norgate, 1887).

Spencer Herbert , An autobiography, 2 vols. (London: Williams and Norgate, 1904).

Spencer Herbert , The life and letters of Herbert Spencer, edited by Duncan David (London: Methuen, 1908).

Spoerl Howard D. , “Faculties versus traits: Gall's solution”, Character and personality, iv (1935–6) 216–231.

Stengel E. A. , “A re-evaluation of Freud's book on aphasia; its significance for psycho-analysis”, International journal of psycho-analysis, xxxv (1954) 85–89.

Stengel E. A. , “Hughlings Jackson's influence on psychiatry”, British journal of psychiatry, cix (1963) 348–355.

Stephen Leslie , History of English thought in the eighteenth century, 2 vols., 3rd ed. (1902) (Reprinted London: Hart-Davis, 1962).

Stevens S. S. , “Psychology and the science of science”, Psychological bulletin, xxxvi (1939) 221–263.

Stevens S. S. (ed.), Handbook of experimental psychology (London: Chapman and Hall, 1951).

Stewart Dugald , “Dissertation first: Exhibiting a general view of the progress of metaphysical and ethical philosophy, since the revival of letters in Europe”, in The encyclopedia Britannica, 8th ed., vol. i (Edinburgh: Black, 1860) 1–289.

Stocking George W. Jr. , “From physics to ethnology: Franz Boas' arctic expedition as a problem in the historiography of the behavioral sciences”, Journal of history of the behavioral sciences, i (1965) 53–66.

Stocking George W. Jr. , “Editorial: On the limits of ‘presentism’ and ‘historicism’ in the historiography of the behavioral sciences”, Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences, i (1965[a]) 211–217.

Stokey B. , “A note on the early history of cerebral localization”, Bulletin of the New York academy of medicine, xxx (1954) 559–578.

Strawson P. F. , Individuals, an essay in descriptive metaphysics (London: Methuen, 1959).

Strong C. A. , “A sketch of the history of psychology among the Greeks”, American journal of psychology, iv (1891–2) 177–197.

Taylor Charles , The explanation of behaviour (London: Routledge, 1964).

Temkin Owsei , “The philosophical background of Magendie's physiology”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xx (1946) 10–35.

Temkin Owsei , “Materialism in French and German physiology of the early nineteenth century”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xx (1946[a]) 322–327.

Temkin Owsei , “Gall and the phrenological movement”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxi (1947) 275–321.

Temkin Owsei , “The classical roots of Glisson's doctrine of irritation”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxviii (1964) 297–328.

Tenon Portal Sabatier Pinel Cuvier , “Report on a memoir of Drs Gall and Spurzheim, relative to the anatomy of the brain. By …, presented to and adopted by the Class of Mathematical and Physical Sciences of the National Institute”, (Given at the Institute 15 April, 1808) Edinburgh medical and surgical journal, v (1809) 36–66.

Teuber Hans-Lukas , “Perception” in Field J. (ed.) Handbook of physiology, neurophysiology, vol. i (Washington: American physiological society, 1959) 1595–1668.

Thomas Milton H. (ed.), “John Dewey: A centennial bibliography” (Chicago, 1962).

Thorwald Jürgen , The Triumph of Surgery (1957), trans. Winston R. Winston C. (N.Y: Pantheon, 1960).

Titchener Edward B. , “The postulates of a structural psychology”, Philosophical review, vii (1898) 449–465. Reprinted in Dennis (1948) 366–376.

Titchener E. B. , “Functional psychology and the psychology of act”, American journal of psychology, xxxii (1921) 519–542; xxxiii (1922) 43–83.

Tizard Barbara , “Theories of brain localization from Flourens to Lashley”, Medical history, iii (1959) 132–144.

Vartanian Aram , Diderot and Descartes, a study of scientific naturalism in the Enlightenment (Princeton, 1953).

Vartanian Aram , La Mettrie's l'homme machine, a study in the origins of an idea (Princeton, 1960).

Walker A. E. , “The development of the concept of cerebral localization in the nineteenth century”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxi (1957) 99–121.

Walker Nigel , A short history of psychotherapy in theory and practice (London: Routledge, 1957).

Wallace Alfred R. , The wonderful century, its successes and failures (London: Sonnenschein, 1898).

Wallace Alfred R. , My life, a record of events and opinions, 2 vols. (London: Chapman and Hall, 1905).

Walshe F. M. R. , “Contributions of John Hughlings Jackson to neurology”, Archives of neurology, v (1961) 119–131.

Warden Carl J. , “The historical development of comparative psychology”, Psychological review, xxxiv (1927) 57–85, 135–168.

Warren Howard C. , A history of the association psychology (London: Constable, 1921).

Washburn Margaret F. , The animal mind, a text-book of comparative psychology (N.Y: Macmillan, 1908).

Waters R. H. , “The law of effect as a principle of learning”, Psychology bulletin, xxxi (1934) 408–425.

Watson John B. , “Psychology as the behaviorist views it”, Psychological review, xx (1913) 158–177. Reprinted in Dennis (1948) 457–471.

Watson John B. , “The place of the conditioned reflex in psychology”, Psychological review, xiii (1916) 89–117.

Watson John B. , Behaviorism (1924), revised ed. (1930). Reprinted Chicago, 1959.

Watson John B. , Psychology from the standpoint of a behaviorist (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1919).

Watson Robert I. , “A brief history of clinical psychology”, Psychological bulletin, 1 (1953) 321–346.

Watson Robert I. , “Historical review of objective personality testing”, in Bass B. M. Berg I. A. (eds.) Objective approach to personality assessment (Princeton: van Nostrand, 1959) 1–23.

Watson Robert I. , “Historical perspectives on the relationships of psychologists to medical research”, Neuropsychiatry, vi (1960) 51–59.

Watson Robert I. , “The history of psychology: A neglected area”, American psychologist, xv (1960[a]) 251–255.

Watson Robert I. , “A brief history of educational psychology”, Psychological record, xi (1961) 209–242.

Watson Robert I. , The great psychologists: From Aristotle to Freud (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1963). Pp. xvi + 572. $7.50.

White Morton G. , The origin of Dewey's instrumentalism (N.Y: Columbia, 1943).

Whitehead Alfred N. , Science and the modern world (Cambridge, 1925).

Whyte Lancelot L. , The unconscious before Freud (N.Y: Basic, 1960).

Wiener Philip P. , Evolution and the founders of pragmatism (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard, 1949. Reprinted N.Y: Harper, 1965).

Wilkie J. S. , “Buffon, Lamarck and Darwin: The originality of Darwin's theory of evolution”, in Bell P. R. (ed.) Darwin's Biological Work (Cambridge, 1959) 262–307.

Willey Basil , The seventeenth-century background (London: Chatto and Windus, 1934. Reprinted Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1962).

Willey Basil , The eighteenth-century background (London: Chatto and Windus, 1940. Reprinted Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1962).

Wolf A. , A history of science, technology and philosophy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, 2nd ed. (London: Allen and Unwin, 1950. Reprinted in 2 vols. N.Y: Harper, 1959).

Wolf A. , A history of science, technology and philosophy in the eighteenth century, 2nd ed. revised by McKie D. (London: Allen and Unwin, 1952. Reprinted in 2 vols. N.Y: Harper, 1959).

Wolman Benjamin B. (ed.), Historical roots of contemporary psychology (N.Y: Harper, 1965).

Woodworth Robert S. , Contemporary schools of psychology (1931) 8th ed. (London: Methuen, 1951).

Woods Evelyn A. Carlson Eric T. , “The psychiatry of Philippe Pinel”, Bulletin of the history of medicine, xxxv (1961) 14–25.

Woodworth Robert S. Sheeham Mary R. , Contemporary schools of psychology, 3rd ed. (N.Y: Ronald, 1964).