Darwin and Darwin Studies,1959–63

Allport Gordon W. , Becoming (New Haven and London, 1955).

American Philosophical Society, Commemoration of the centennial of the publication of the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin (23 April 1959). Proceedings, ciii (Philadephia, 1959).

Anthropological Society of Washington, D.C., Evolution and anthropology: A centennial appraisal (Washington, D.C., 1959).

Antioch review. The Origin of Species—100 Years Later, xix (Yellow Springs, Ohio, 1959).

Armstrong Edward A. , A study of bird song (London, 1963).

Asimov Isaac , The human brain, its capacities and functions (Boston, 1964).

Asimov Issac , A short history of biology (Garden City, New York, 1964). Published for the American Museum of Natural History.

Bailey Edward Sir , Charles Lyell (London and Edinburgh, 1963).

Barlow Lady Nora , The autobiography of Charles Darwin, 1802–1882 (London, 1958).

Barnett Anthony , The human species (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1961).

Barnett S. A. (editor), A century of Darwin (London, 1959).

Bates Marston , The nature of natural history (revised ed., New York, 1961).

Bates Marston , The prevalence of people (New York, 1955, 1962).

Barzun Jacques , Science: The glorious entertainment (New York, 1964).

Bell P. R. (editor), Darwin's biological work (Cambridge, 1959).

Berrill N. J. , Man's emerging mind (Greenwich, Conn., 1962).

Berrill N. J. , You and the universe (Greenwich, Conn., 1963).

von Bertalanffy Ludwig , Problems of life (New York, 1960).

Bonner John Tyler , The ideas of biology (New York and Evanston, 1964).

Boxer C. R. , The golden age of Brazil, 1695–1750 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1962).

Bronowski J. , The common sense of science (London, 1951).

Brown Norman O. , Life against death (Middletown, Conn., 1959).

Campbell Norman , What is science? (London, 1921; New York, Dover Publications reprint, 1952).

Carter C. O. , Human heredity (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1962).

Carter G. S. , A hundred years of evolution (London, 1957).

Cheesman Evelyn , Insects: Their secret world (New York, 1953).

Le Gros Clark W. E. Sir , History of the primates (Chicago and London, 1961.)

Le Gros Clark W. E. Sir , The antecedents of man (Edinburgh, 1961; New York and Evanston, 1963).

Colbert Edwin H. , Evolution of the vertebrates (New York, 1961).

Coler Myron A. , Essays on creativity in the sciences (New York, 1963).

Corner George W. , The hormones in human evolution (New York, 1963).

Darlington C. D. , Darwin's place in history (Oxford, 1959).

Darlington C. D. , “The origin of Darwinism”, Scientific American, cc (May 1959) 60–66.

Darling F. Fraser , A herd of deer (Oxford, 1937; New York, 1941, 1956).

de Beer Gavin Sir (editor), Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. Evolution by Natural selection (Cambridge, 1958).

de Beer Gavin Sir , “Further unpublished letters of Charles Darwin”, Annals of science, xiv (1958) 83–115.

de Beer Gavin Sir , “Some unpublished letters of Charles Darwin”, Notes and records of the Royal Society of London, xiv (1959) 12–66.

de Beer Gavin Sir , “The origin of Darwin's ideas on evolution and natural selection” Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, clv (1961) 321–338.

de Beer Gavin Sir , Charles Darwin. Evolution by natural selection (London, 1963).

Dart Raymond A. Craig Dennis , Adventures with the missing link (New York, 1961).

Darwin Charles , The voyages of the Beagle. Annotated and with an Introduction by Leonard Engel (Garden City, New York, 1962).

Darwin Charles , The origin of species. With an Introduction by Huxley Julian Sir (New York, 1958).

Darwin Charles , The origin of species. With an Introduction by Carson Hampton L. (New York, 1963).

Darwin Charles , The origin of species. A Facsimile of the First Edition with an Introduction by Mayr Ernst (Cambridge, Mass., 1964).

Darwin's Notebooks on transmutation of species. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by de Beer Gavin Sir . Parts i–iv, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series, vol. ii, nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 (London, 1960).

Darwin's Notebooks on transmutation of species. Addenda and corrigenda. Edited with Notes by de Beer Gavin Sir Rowlands M. J. , Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series, vol. ii, no. 6 (London, 1961).

Stecher Robert M. , “Darwin–Innes Letters: The correspondence of an evolutionist with his vicar, 1848–1884”, Annals of science, xvii (1961) 201–258.

Darwin's Ornithological notes. Edited with an Introduction, Notes and Appendix by Barlow Nora . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series, vol. ii, no. 17 (London, 1963).

Darwin Francis (editor), The autobiography of Charles Darwin and selected letters (New York, Dover Publications reprint, 1958).

Darwin Francis (editor), The life and letters of Charles Darwin. With a Foreword by Simpson George G. , 2 vols (reprinted New York, 1959).

Darwin library List of books received in the University Library, Cambridge, March-May 1961 (Cambridge, n.d., offset).

Dobzhansky Theodosius , Evolution, genetics and man (New York, 1955).

Dobzhansky Theodosius , Mankind evolving (New Haven and London, 1962).

De Gré Gerard , Science as a social institution (New York, 1955).

Donnelly Thomas W. , The Earth sciences (Chicago, 1963).

Dowdeswell W. H. , The mechanism of evolution (New York and Evanston, 1960).

Ehrensvärd Gösta , Life: Origin and development (Chicago, 1962).

Eiseley Loren , The immense journey (New York, 1957).

Eiseley Loren , “Charles Darwin, Edward Blyth, and the theory of natural selection”, American Philosophical Society, Proceedings, ciii (1959) 94–158.

Eiseley Loren , Darwin's century (Garden City, N.Y., 1961).

Eiseley Loren , The firmament of time (New York, 1962).

Ellëgard Alvar , Darwin and the general reader (Gothenburg studies in English, viii, Göteborg, 1958).

Fisher Ronald A. Sir , The genetical theory of natural selection (New York, Dover Publications, reprint of 2nd ed., 1958).

Fitch Robert E. , “Charles Darwin: Science and the saintly sentiments”, Columbia University Forum, ii (1959) 7–12.

Frank Philipp , Philosophy of science (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1957).

Galton Francis , Hereditary genius. With an Introduction by Darlington C. D. (Cleveland and New York, 1962).

George Wilma , Biologist philosopher. A study of the life and writings of Alfred Russel Wallace (London, Toronto and New York, 1964).

Ghiselin Brewster (editor), The creative process (New York, 1955).

Glass Bentley Temkin Owsei Strauss William Jr. (editors). Forerunners of Darwin: 1745–1859 (Baltimore, 1959).

Goetch Wilhelm , The ants (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1957).

Handlist of Darwin papers at the University Library Cambridge (Cambridge, 1960).

Hardin Garrett , Nature and Man's fate (New York and Toronto, 1959).

Himmelfarb Gertrude , Darwin and the Darwinian revolution (Garden City, N.Y., 1962).

Huxley Julian Sir , New bottles for new wine (New York, 1957).

Huxley Julian Sir , “The three types of evolutionary process”, Nature, clxxx (7 September 1957) 454–455.

Huxley Julian Sir “The emergence of Darwinism”, Journal of the Linnean Society, xliv (1958) 1–14.

Huxley Julian Sir (assisted by Thomas Fisher), The struggle for life. The living thoughts of Darwin (Greenwich, Conn., 1963).

Huxley Thomas H. , Man's place in nature. Introduction by Montagu Ashley (Ann Arbor, 1959).

Hyman Stanley Edgar , The Tangled Bank. Darwin, Marx, Frazer and Freud as imaginative writers (New York, 1962).

Isaacs Alan , Introducing science (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1963).

Kardiner Abram Preble Edward , They studied Man (New York, 1963).

Kellner L. , Alexander von Humboldt (London, 1963).

Kettlewell H. B. D. , “Darwin's missing evidence”, Scientific American, cc (March 1959) 48–53.

Knickerbocker William S. (editor), Classics of modern science (Boston, 1962).

von Koeningswald G. H. R. , The evolution of Man (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1962).

Lack David , Darwin's finches (Cambridge, 1947; New York, 1961).

Leakey L. S. B. , Adam's ancestors (London, 1934, 1953; New York and Evanston, 1960).

Lenzer Victor F. , Procedures of empirical science. International encyclopedia of unified science, i, no. 5 (London and Chicago, n.d.)

Lewinsohn Ludwig , Animals, men and myths (Greenwich, Conn., 1964).

Lewis Wyndham , Time and western Man (Boston, 1957).

Lorenz Konrad Z. , King Solomon's ring. Foreword by Huxley Julian (New York, 1962).

Malthus Thomas Robert , Population: The first essay. With a Foreword by Boulding Kenneth E. (Ann Arbor, 1959).

Matson Floyd W. , The broken image: Man, science and society (New York, 1964).

Mayr Ernst , “Isolation as an evolutionary factor”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, ciii (1959) 221–230.

Mayr Ernst , “Agassiz, Darwin, and evolution”, Harvard Library bulletin, xiii (1959) 165–194.

Mead Margaret , Continuities in cultural evolution (New Haven and London, 1964).

Mercer E. H. , Cells: Their structure and function (Garden City, New York, 1962).

Metraux Guy S. Crouzet François (editors), The evolution of science. Readings from the history of mankind (New York, 1963).

Millhauser Milton , Just before Darwin, Robert Chambers and vestiges (Middletown, Conn., 1959).

Moment Gairdner B. , Frontiers of biology (Boston, 1962).

Montagu Ashley , The biosocial nature of Man (New York, 1956).

Montagu Ashley , Man: His first million years (New York, revised ed., 1962).

Morgan Lewis Henry , Ancient society. Edited by Leacock Elanor Burke with an introduction and annotations (Cleveland and New York, 1963).

Paley William , Natural theology selections. Edited, with an introduction, by Ferré Frederick (New York, 1963).

Peckham Morse (editor), The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. A variorum text (Philadelphia, 1959).

Popper Karl R. , The logic of scientific discovery (New York, 1961).

Portmann Adolf , New paths in biology (New York, Evanston and London, 1964).

de Solla D. J. Price , Little science, big science (New York and London, 1963).

Pyke Magnus , The boundaries of science (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1961).

Ransom Jay Ellis , Fossils in America (New York, Evanston and London, 1964).

Reichenbach Hans , The rise of scientific philosophy (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1963).

Rhodes F. H. T. , The evolution of life (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1962).

Ritterbush Philip C. , Overtures to biology. The speculations of eighteenth century naturalists (New Haven and London, 1964).

Roe Anne Simpson George G. (editors), Behaviour and evolution (New Haven, 1958).

Rook Arthur (editor), The origins and growth of biology (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1964).

Scott John Paul , Animal behavior (Garden City, New York, 1963).

Sherrington Charles Sir , Man of his nature (New York, reprinted, 1964).

Simpson George G. , Horses (Garden City, New York, 1961).

Simpson George G. , Life of the past (New Haven, 1961).

Simpson George G. , This view of life (New York, 1964).

Simpson George G. , The meaning of evolution (New Haven, 1964).

Sinnott Edmund W. , Matter, mind and Man. The biology of human nature (New York, 1962).

Smith John Maynard , The theory of evolution (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1958).

Smith Sydney , “The origin of ‘The Origin’”, The advancement of science, no. 64 (March 1960) 391–401.

Snow Charles P. Sir , The two cultures: And a second look (Cambridge, 1959, 1964; New York, 1964).

Stauffer Robert C. , “Ecology in the long manuscript version of Darwin's Origin of Species and Linnaeus' Oeconomy of Nature”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, civ (1960) 235–241.

Southwick Charles H. (editor), Primate social behavior (Princeton, n.d.)

Sumner William Graham , Social Darwinism: Selected essays of William Graha. Edited by Persons Stow (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1963).

Sumner William Graham , An essay of commentary and selections by Davie Maurice R. (New York, n.d.)

Sumner William Graham , Folkways (New York, 1959).

Taylor F. Sherwood , A short history of science and scientific thought. With readings from the great scientists from the Babylonians through Einstein (London, 1963).

Tax Sol (editor), Evolution after Darwin, 3 vols. (Chicago, 1960), i, The evolution of life; ii, The evolution of Man; iii (with Charles Callender), Issues in evolution.

Teale Edwin Way , Adventures in nature (New York, 1959).

Tylor Edward B. Sir , Anthropology. Abridged with a Foreword by White Leslie A. (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960).

Verrill A. Hyatt , The strange story of our Earth (Greenwich, Conn., 1962).

Victorian studies, Darwin anniversary issue, iii (Bloomington, Indiana, 1959).

Waddington C. H. , How animals develop (New York, reprinted 1962).

Walker Marshall , The nature of scientific thought (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1963).

Weisskopf Victor E. , Knowledge and wonder (Garden City, New York, 1963).

von Weizäcker C. F. , The history of nature (Chicago and London, 1949).

Whyte Lancelot L. , The next development of Man (New York, 1950).

Wichler Gerhard , Charles Darwin (Oxford, London, New York and Paris, 1961).

Wightman W. P. D. , The growth of scientific ideas (New Haven and London, 2nd printing, 1964).

Wolstenholme Gordon (editor), Man and his future (Boston and Toronto, 1963).

Zirkle Conway , Evolution, Marxian biology, and the social scene (Philadelphia, 1959).

Darlington , Darwin's place in history, and Himmelfarb , Darwin and the Darwinian revolution, are two outstanding examples. See also Fitch Robert E. , “Charles Darwin: Science and the saintly sentiments”, Columbia University Forum, ii (1959) 7–12.

Himmelfarb , 8.

Young J. Z. , “The Darwin centenary”, New statesman (15 May 1958), 337.

Price , Little science, big science, 81; also 73.

West Geoffrey , Charles Darwin. The fragmentary man (London, 1937) is a significant exception.

Nora Barlow's splendid edition of The autobiography of Charles Darwin (London, 1958) is also an outcome of the Collection.

See Handlist of Darwin papers and Darwin library.

Darwin Francis (ed.). The life and letters of Charles Darwin, 3 vols. (London, 1887), ii, 16–17.

Darlington , Darwin's place in history, 35–36; Barlow , Autobiography, 167 ff. Butler's annotated copy of the Origin is in the Library of St John's College, Cambridge.

Darwin was not seeking ultimate answers as Himmelfarb, 155–166, insists.

See Barlow's fully documented edition of Darwin's Ornithological notes and her forthcoming collection of J. S. Henslow's letters.

“No one should attempt a biography of Darwin until the critical analysis of the notebook material has been completed” ( Mayr Ernst , Science, cxxxiv (1 September 1961) 607). The same should be said for almost every category of the Darwin Collection.

De Beer's critical editions are listed in n. 1. Attention should be called to the work of Barrett Paul H. , “A transcription of Darwin's first notebook on ‘Transmutation of Species’”, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard), cxxii (1960) 249–296.

De Beer , Notebook, ii, 77.

Smith , “Origin of ‘The Origin’”.

See n. 52.

Smith , 398.

Lovejoy , “The argument for organic evolution before the ‘Origin of Species’, 1830–1858”, Forerunners, 356 ff.

Smith , “Origin of ‘The Origin’”, 393.

Millhauser , Just before Darwin; Blair W. Frank , “Ecology and evolution”, Antioch review, 47–55.

Darwin library; Smith , “Origin of ‘The Origin’”, 399; De Beer , Notebook, I and II.

Eiseley , “Charles Darwin, Edward Blyth, and the theory of natural selection”.

Smith , “Origin of ‘The Origin’”, 399.

The Blyth Correspondence at Cambridge has not yet been catalogued. Some items are listed in Handlist of Darwin papers; the recent accessions from the British Museum (Natural History) are in alphabetical order.

Smith , “Origin of ‘The Origin’”, 399.

Smith , 400.

Darwin library.

Glass Bentley , “Maupertius, pioneer of genetics and evolution”, Forerunners, 51–83; Gillipsie Charles C. , “Lamarck and Darwin in the history of science”, Forerunners, 265–291.

Simpson (ed.), Life and letters of Charles Darwin, i, p. vii; Ritterbush , Overtures to biology.

Lerner I. M. , “The concept of natural selection: A centennial view”, American Philosophical Society, Centennial, 173.

Waddington , “Theories of evolution”, Century of Darwin, 4, 5.

Osborn Henry F. , From the Greeks to Darwin. An outline of the evolution idea (New York and London, 1924); Waddington , “Theories of evolution”, Century of Darwin, 1; Ellegard , Darwin and the general reader, which summarizes without synthesis some of the data requisite for understanding; Greene John C. , The death of Adam. Evolution and its impact on western thought (Ames, Iowa, 1959).

Smith , “Origin of ‘The Origin’”, 392.

Stauffer Robert C. , “On the Origin of Species: An unpublished version”, Science, cxxx (27 November 1959) 1449–1452.

De Beer , Darwin; West , Darwin.

Darlington , Darwin's place in history.

Simpson , This view of life, 9, 8. Italics in original.

Darlington , 14–15. Italics in original.

Darlington , 62.

Michie Donald , “The third stage of genetics”, Century of Darwin, 56–84.

Darwin Charles , The variation of animals and plants under domestication, 2 vols. (London, 1868), ii, 92.

Quoted in Darlington , 18. These editions are given in Darlington; they require collation with the editions in Darwin's library and analysis in terms of his annotations.

Darlington , 60. See also 31, 67.

Darlington , 61–62.

Simpson , This view of life, 46.

Himmelfarb , Darwin and the Darwinian revolution.

Snow , Two cultures; Barzun , Science; Marson , Broken image; Frank , Philosophy of science; Walker , Nature of scientific thought; Bronowski , Common sense of science; Von Weisacker , History of nature; Reichenbach , Rise of scientific philosophy; Campbell , What is science.

Himmelfarb , 319.

The documentation reveals that the manuscript materials were not sufficiently used to justify the assertion that the study is based on the data of the Cambridge Collection.

Himmelfarb , 59.

Himmelfarb , 59; above n. 17.

Himmelfarb, 419.

Darwin , Life and letters, iii, 25, in which Darwin states that a belief in natural selection must rest upon general considerations:

(1) On its being a vera causa, from the struggle for existence; and the certain geological fact that species do somehow change.

(2) From the analogy of change under domestication by man's selection.

(3) And chiefly from this view connecting under an intelligible point of view a host of facts.

Mayr , Scientific American, cci (November 1959) 209–221. Citations following are from an uncut mimeographed version, p. 5.

Mayr thinks highly of the Himmelfarb volume in its biographical aspects, a view the present writer rejects. See Appleman Philip , Victorian studies, 125; Mayr , Scientific American, 8.

De Beer , Darwin, p. vi.

In addition, Bates , Prevalence of people. Gamov's two books were republished by Mentor Books, New York, 1948 and 1953 respectively.

Himmelfarb , 314.

Darwin Papers, Black Box, B c. 40. i.

Simpson , This view of life, 153.

Darwin Papers, Black Box, B e. 40. i.

Simpson , Horses, p. xxxii.

Simpson , Horses, 269.

Himmelfarb , 356; Chicago Centennial, Issues in evolution, 167–174.

Clark Le Gros , History of the primates, 179. See also Antecedents of Man.

Leakey , Adam's ancestors; Dart , Adventures with the missing link.

Above n. 1 for a representative listing of Simpson's works.

Darwin Charles , The descent of man and selection in relation to sex, 2 vols. (London, 1871) ii, 405.

Descent of Man, ii, 404.

Mayr , Scientific American, 4; Dobzhansky , “Genetics and the destiny of man”, Antioch review, 59.

Huxley Julian Hardy A. C. Ford E. B. (eds.), Evolution as process (London, 1954), 91; Fisher , Genetical theory of natural selection.

Lerner , American Philosophical Association, Centennial, 181.

Mayr , Scientific American, 5.

Simpson , Life of the past, 148.

Mayr (ed.), Origin of species. C. D. Darlington's edition of the first edition is also available in the Thinker's Library, On the origin of species (London, 1950).

De Beer , Darwin and Wallace.

Centennial Chicago , “The emergence of Darwinism”, Evolution of life, 1–21; “The evolutionary vision”, Issues in evolution, 41–65. See above n. 1 for listing.

Simpson, above n. 1. Bates Marston Humphrey Philip S. , The Darwin reader (New York, 1956).

Montagu , Huxley, above n. 1.

Darwin , Beagle, above n. 1. The Natural History Library, devoted particularly to the life and earth sciences, makes paperbound books of “enduring interest” available. A board at the American Museum of Natural History “guides” the venture.

Peckham , Variorum text . “Darwinism and Darwinisticism”, Victorian studies, 21 n.

Malthus , Paley, above n. 1.

Galton , Hereditary genius. Darlington's comments are illuminating.

Above n. 1.

Above n. 1. See also, Asimov , History of biology.

Rhodes , above n. 1; Smith, ii.

Verrill , above n. i; Bonner , vii; Weiskopf , Knowledge and wonder, 41 ff.; Weizäcker , History of nature, 1–59.

Waddington , “Theories of evolution”, Century of Darwin, 5.

Dobzhansky , “Species after Darwin”, Century of Darwin, 9–18; quotation at p. 20.

Michie , “The thirth stage in genetics”, Century of Darwin, 56–83. Quotation at p. 69.

Romer A. S. , “Darwin and the fossil record”, 130–152; De Beer , “Darwin and embryology”, 153–172; Clark Le Gros , “The study of man's descent”, 173–205. See also Barnett S. A. , “The ‘Expression of the Emotions’”, 206–230; Smith J. M. , “Sexual selection”, 231–244.

Bell , Darwin's biological work, p. xii.

Bell , “The movement of plants in response to light”, 1–49.

Haldane J. B. S. , “Natural selection”, 150–206, esp. 103–104; 141–149.

Marler , “Developments in the study of animal communication”, 150–206.

Marler , 206. Armstrong Edward A. , A study of bird song (London, 1963) is a notable study; Lorenz , King Solomon's ring is a famous one.

Whitehouse H. L. K. , “Cross- and self fertilization in plants”, 207–261. Quotation at 258.

Wilkie J. S. , “Buffon, Lamarck and Darwin: The originality of Darwin's theory of evolution”, 262–307. Challinor J. , “Paleontology and evolution”, 50–100 is a pertinent essay and confers additional lustre on this distinguished volume.

Dobzhansky , Antioch review, esp. 59; above n. 71. Also included in this issue: H. K. Girvitz on philosophical implications, 9–19; R. E. Fitch on Darwinism and Christianity, 20–32; George E. Simpson on Darwin and ‘Social Darwinism’, 33–45.

Peckham , Victorian studies; above n. 82. Other essays in this issue are: Loewenberg Bert James , “The mosaic of Darwinian thought”, 3–18; Passmore John , “Darwin's impact on British metaphysics”, 41–54; Goldman Irving , “Evolution and anthropology”, 55–75; Bibby Cyril , “Huxley and the reception of the ‘Origin’”, 76–86; Lurie Edward , “Louis Agassiz and the idea of evolution”, 87–108. Special attention should be called to the review essay “Evolution: Two books and some Darwin marginalia”, by Smith Sydney , 109–114 and Appleman Philip , “The logic of evolution: Some reconsiderations”, 115–125.

Haldane , Darwin's biological work, 104.

Mayr , “Darwin and the evolutionary theory”, Evolution and anthropology, 2.

Among the papers reprinted are: Stewart T. D. , “The effect of Darwin's theory of evolution on physical anthropology”; Weiner J. S. , “Physical anthropology: An appraisal”; Hallowell A. Irving , “Behavioral evolution and the emergence of the self”; Greenberg Joseph H. , “Language and evolution”; Braidwood Robert J. , “Archaeology and the evolutionary theory”; Haag William G. , “The status of evolutionary theory in American history”; Murdock George P. , “Evolution in social organization”; White Leslie A. , “The concept of evolution in cultural anthropology”; Kluckhohn Clyde , “The role of evolutionary thought in anthropology”.

Centennial Chicago , Evolution after Darwin. There is additional material on arrangements and festivities.

Huxley , “The emergence of Darwinism”, The evolution of life, 1–21; Shapley , “On the evidences of inorganic evolution”, 23–38; Gaffron , “The origin of life”, 39–84; Evans Jr. , “Viruses and evolution”, 85–93; Rensch , “The laws of evolution”, 95–116; Simpson , “The history of life”, 117–180.

Ford , “Evolution in progress”, 181–196; Stebbins , “The comparative evolution of genetic systems”, 197–226.

Stebbins , 198–199.

Axelrod , “The evolution of flowering plants”, 227–305; quotation at p. 227.

Quotation at p. 227.

Emerson , “The evolution of adaptation in population systems”, 307–348; quotations at 310, 309. See also 319 ff.

Mayr , “The emergence of evolutionary novelties”, 349–380.

Mivart St George J. , Genesis of species (London, 1871). Darwin's annotated copy is in the Darwin Collection, University Library, Cambridge. Himmelfarb, 318–319, employs this outmoded argument. For a devastating comment, see Mayr , Scientific American, 6.

For example, Olson Everett C. , “Morphology, paleontology, and evolution”, 524.

Waddington , “Evolutionary adaptation”, 381–402; quotation at p. 389.

Waddington , “Evolutionary adaptation”, 386. “Natural selection, which was at first considered as though it were an hypothesis that was in need of experimental or observational confirmation, turns out on closer inspection to be a tautology, a statement of an inevitable although previously unrecognized relation. It states that the fittest individuals in a population (defined as those who leave most offspring) will leave most offspring. Once the statement is made, its truth is apparent” (p. 385; see also 387).

Dobzhansky , “Evolution and environment”, 403–428; quotation at p. 404.

Dobzhansky , “Evolution and environment”, 405, 407. Sewall Wright presents an analysis of “Physiological genetics ecology of populations and natural selection” (429–475) “to consider the mathematical framework of the theory of evolution at a succession of levels of complexity” (429).

Nicholson , “The role of population dynamics in natural selection”, 477–521.

Olson , “Morphology, paleontology, and evolution”, 524.

Ibid., 530, 543. Von Bertalanffy , Problems of life, 89.

Prosser , “Comparative physiology in relation to evolutionary theory”, 569–594. Quotation at p. 592.

Tinbergen , “Behavior, systematics, and natural selection”, 595–613. For other studies in this and related fields, see above n. 98; Scott , Animal behavior; Darling , A herd of red deer; Goetsch , Ants; Cheesman , Insects..

Bates , “Ecology and evolution”, 547–568. Gause G. F. , “Scientific Director of the Institute of Antibiotics of the Academy of Medical Science”, Moscow, contributes the final essay, “Darwinism, microbiology, and cancer”, 615–629.

The evolution of Man is composed of twenty-two papers, of which twelve are by anthropologists, archeologists and ethnologists. They are as follows: Kroeber Alfred L. , “Evolution, history, and culture”; Leakey L. S. B. , “The origins of the genus Homo”; Washburn S. L. Howell F. Clark , “Human evolution and culture”; Emiliana Cesare , “Dating human evolution”; Anderson Edgar , “The evolution of domestication”; Piggott Stuart , “Prehistory and evolutionary theory”; Bordes François Henri , “Evolution in the paleolithic cultures”; Willey Gordon R. , “Historical patterns and evolution in native New World cultures”; Braidwood Robert J. , “Levels in prehistory: A model for consideration of the evidence”; Adams Robert M. , “The evolutionary process in early civilizations”; Steward Julian H. , “Evolutionary principles and social types”; Magoun H. W. , “Evolutionary concepts of brain function following Darwin and Spencer”; von Muratt Alexander , “A decisive step in evolution: Saltatory conduction”; Gantt W. H. , “Pavlov and Darwin”; White Lester A. , “Four stages in the evolution of mind”; Gerard R. W. , “Becoming: The residue of change”; Hilgard Ernest R. , “Psychology after Darwin”; Critchley Macdonald , “The evolution of Man's capacity for language”; Hallowell A. Irving , “Self, society and culture in phylogenetic perspective”.

Issues in evolution, p. v, describes the method.

Hyman , Tangled bank; Loewenberg Bert James , “Darwin and the tragic vision”, American quarterly, xiv (1962) 618–622.

Eiseley , Darwin's century.

Smith Sydney , Victorian studies.

Bailey , Lyell.

Wichler , Darwin; De Beer , above n. 36.

Above n. 114; Gruber Jacob W. , A conscience in conflict. The life of St George Jackson Mivart (New York, 1960).

Balanced judgment clearly awaits full assessment of the Darwin materials at Cambridge. Darwin was influenced by many men at different times with varied but cumulative results. Even the published correspondence and the documentation in his books are sufficient to induce caution. It would be hazardous to insist for instance that J. S. Henslow was of greater importance than Humboldt without a clear definition of criteria which can only be based on the nature and process of Darwin's growth. Most studies of lives who shared in Darwin's development begin and remain in medias res.

Bailey , Lyell; Dupree , Gray; Kellner , Humboldt; Bibby , Victorian studies..

George , Wallace.

Sherrington , Man on his nature, 250.

Bates , Natural history, 3.

Erikson Erik. H. , Childhood and society (New York, 1963).

Among many outstanding examples, see Corner , Hormones in human reproduction; Mercer , Cells.

Dobzhansky , Evolution, genetics, and Man, p. vii.

Snow , Two cultures, 69, 70. Italics in original.

Berrill , Man's emerging mind, 21, 15, 120; Portmann , New paths in biology; Wolstenholme , Man and his future; Price , Little science, big science; Snow , Two cultures; Huxley , New bottles for new wine..

See references in preceeding note; Barnett , Human species, 1–7 and esp. parts ii and iii; Bates , Prevalence of people.

Darwin C. G. , Evolution of Man, 463–473; Galton , Heredity; Darwin Leonard , What is eugenics? (London, 1928, 1929). Keynes Margaret , Leonard Darwin 1850–1943 (Cambridge, 1943).

Wolstenholme , Man and his future, 1; Huxley , New bottles for new wine, 168–212.

Huxley , New bottles for new wine, 95.

Huxley , New bottles for new wine, 96–97, 95; Dobzhansky , Evolution, genetics, and Man, vii–ix; Weizäcker , History of nature, 1.

Dobzhansky , Mankind evolving, pp. xi, xii; Weizäcker , History of nature, 11.

Simpson , Meaning of evolution, 348.

Simpson , This view of life, 107. Italics in original. Dobzhansky , Evolution, genetics, and Man, p. vii.