BaconFrancis, New Atlantis and the Great Instauration, ed. by WeinbergerJerry, rev. edn (Wheeling, IL, 1989), 50, 58–59. For recent reinterpretations, see PriceBronwen (ed.), Francis Bacon's ‘New Atlantis’ (Manchester, 2003).
2.
BasallaGeorge, “The spread of Western science”, Science, clvi (1967), 611–22; for a range of recent work on science and empire, see MacLeodRoy (ed.), Nature and empire: Science and the colonial enterprise (Osiris, xv (2000)). Richard Drayton's excellent Nature's government-Science, imperial Britain, and the ‘Improvement’ of the world (New Haven, 2000) finds its argumentative centre concerning science and empire in the period initiated by Joseph Banks in the late eighteenth century, passing rapidly through the earlier period.
3.
Bauer identifies Criollo as a term first used in sixteenth-century Spanish America to argue that native Africans made better slaves than their descendants born in the Americas. I use it here to refer to those of European descent born in the Americas.
4.
On commerce, see SmithPamelaFindlenPaula (eds), Merchants and marvels: Commerce, science and art in early modern Europe (London and New York, 2002). On early modern English and Dutch Atlantic knowledge, respectively, see ChaplinJoyce E., Subject matter: Technology, science, and the body on the Anglo-American frontier, 1500–1676 (Cambridge, MA, 2001), and SchmidtBenjamin, Innocence abroad: The Dutch imagination and the New World, 1570–1670 (Cambridge, 2001).
5.
Cañizares-EsguerraJorge, How to write the history of the New World: Historiographies, epistemologies and identities in the eighteenth century Atlantic world (Stanford, 2001).
6.
BauerRalph, The cultural geography of colonial American literatures: Empire, travel, modernity (Cambridge, 2003), 4.
7.
Ibid., 44.
8.
Ibid., 87.
9.
For a full historical treatment of this theme in the Spanish and English Americas, respectively, see Cañizares-Esguerra, How to write the history of the New World, and Chaplin, Subject matter.
10.
Bauer, op. cit., 187.
11.
Ibid., 201.
12.
Ibid., 216.
13.
Ibid., 201.
14.
On the political quarrel over experimental science in Restoration England, see ShapinStevenSchafferSimon, Leviathan and the air-pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the experimental life (Princeton, 1985).
