Insulin Pharmacotherapy

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Bliss M. : The Discovery of Insulin. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1982

Kahn CR , Shechter Y. : Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas , in Gilman AF , Rall TW , Nies AS, (et al) (eds): Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, eighth ed. New York, NY, Pergamon Press, 1990 , p 1464

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Kahn CR , Shechter Y. : Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas , in Gilman AG , Rall TW , Nies AS , Taylor P (eds): Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, eighth ed. New York, NY, Pergamon Press, 1990, p 1468

Kahn CR , White MF : The insulin receptor and the molecular mechanism of insulin action . J Clin Invest 82:1151-1156, 1988

Kasuga M. , Karlsson FA , Kahn CR : Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of the 95,000 dalton sub-unit of its own receptor. Science 215:185-187, 1982

Rosen OM : After insulin binds. Science 237:1452-1458, 1987

Kahn CR , White MF : The insulin receptor and the molecular mechanism of insulin action . J Clin Invest 82:1151-1156,1988

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Ellis L. , Clauser E. , Morgan DO , et al: Replacement of insulin receptor tyrosine residues 1162 and 1163 compromises insulin stimulated kinase activity and uptake of 2-deoxy glucose . Cell 45:721-732, 1986

Chou CK , Dull TJ , Russell DS , et al: Human insulin receptors mutated at the ATP-binding site lack protein tyrosine kinase activity and fail to mediate postreceptor effects of insulin. J Biol Chem 262:1842-1847, 1987

Suzuki K. , Kono T. : Evidence that insulin causes translocation of glucose transport activity of the plasma membrane from an intracellular storage site. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:2542-2545, 1980

Simpson IA , Cushman SW : Hormonal regulation of mammalian glucose transport. Ann Rev Biochem 55:1059-1089,1986

James DE , Brown R. , Navarro J. , et al: Insulin regulatable tissues express a unique insulin-sensitive glucose transport protein. Nature 333:183-185, 1988

Garvey WT , Hucksteadt TP , Birnbaum MJ : Pretranslational suppression of an insulin responsive glucose transporter in rats with diabetes mellitus. Science 245:60-63, 1989

Taskinen MR : Lipoprotein lipase in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev 3:551-570, 1987

Kahn CR , Shechter Y. : Insulin, oral hypoblycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas , in Gilman AF , Rall TW , Nies AS , Taylor P (eds): Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, eighth ed. New York, NY, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 1473-1474

Galloway JA : Insulin treatment for the early 80's: Facts and questions about old and new insulins and their usage. Diabetes Care 3:615-622, 1980

Deckert T. : Intermediate-acting insulin preparations: NPH and lente. Diabetes Care 3:623-626, 1980

Francisco GE : Diabetes mellitus, in DiPiro JT , Talbert R , Hayes P , Yee G , et al (eds): Pharmacotherapy, A Pathophysiologic Approach. New York, NY, Elsevier , 1989

Home PD, Alberti KGMM: The new insulins: Their characteristics and clinical indications. Drugs 24:401-413, 1982

Deckert T. : Intermediate-acting insulin preparations: NPH and lente. Diabetes Care 3:623-626,1980

Skyler JS : Insulin pharmacology. Med Clin North Am 72:1337-1354, 1988

Kahn CR , Shechter Y. : Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas , in Gilman AF , Rall TW , Nies AS , Taylor P (eds): Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, eighth ed. New York, NY, Pergamon Press, 1990, p 1475

Frazier LM , Mulrow CD , Alexander LT , et al: Need for insulin therapy in type II diabetes mellitus: A randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 147:1085-1089, 1987

Skyler JS : Insulin pharmacology. Med Clin North Am 72:1337-1354, 1988

Kahn CR , Shechter Y. : Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas , in Gilman AF , Rall TW , Nies AS , Taylor P (eds): Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, eighth ed. New York, NY, Pergamon Press, 1990, p 1477

Position Statement : Insulin Administration. Diabetes Care 14:30-33, 1991 (suppl 2)

Galloway JA , Spradlin CT , Nelson RL , et al: Factors influencing the absorption, serum insulin concentration, and blood glucose responses after injections of regular insulin and various insulin mixtures. Diabetes Care 4:366-376, 1981

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American Diabetes Association : The Physician's Guide to Type II Diabetes (NIDDM): Diagnosis and Treatment . New York, NY, American Diabetes Association, 1984, pp 1-112

Wilson RM , Clarke P. , Barkes H. , et al: Starting insulin treatment as an outpatient: Report of 100 consecutive patients followed up for at least one year. JAMA 256:877-880, 1986

Gregerman RI : Diabetes mellitus, in Barker LR , Burton JR , Zieve PD (eds): Principles of Ambulatory Medicine . Baltimore, MD, Williams and Wilkins , 1986, pp 951-986

Cryer PE , Gerich JE : Glucose counterregulation, hypoglycemia and intensive insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 313:232-241, 1985

Heine RJ , et al: Absorption kinetics and action profiles of mixtures of short- and intermediate-acting insulins. Diabetologia 27:558-562, 1984

Olsson P-O. , Hans A. , Henning VS : Miscibility of human semisynthetic regular and lente insulin and human biosynthetic regular and NPH insulin. Diabetes Care 10:473-477,1987

Best JD , Ley CJ , Strauss Bjg , et al: Clinical effects of mixing short- and intermediate-acting insulins in treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Med J Aust 146:621-627, 1987

Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, American Medical Association, Chicago, IL

Adams PS , Haines-Nutt RF, Town.R: Stability of insulin mixtures in disposable plastic insulin syringes. J Pharm Pharmacol 39:158-163, 1987

Peters AL , Davidson MB : Effect of storage on action of NPH and regular insulin mixtures. Diabetes Care 10:799-800,1987

Jawadi MH , Ho LS : Stability and reproducibility of biologic activity of premixed and short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins. Am J Med 81:467-471, 1986

Ahrens ER , Gossain VV , Rovner DR : Human insulin: Its development and clinical use. Postgrad Med 80:181-187, 1986

Antidiabetic agents, in American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information 86, Bethesda , American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1984, pp 1562-1594

Galloway JA : Insulin treatment for the early 80's: Facts and questions about old and new insulins and their usage. Diabetes Care 3:615-622, 1980

Skyler JS : Plethora of insulins, editorial. Diabetes Care 3:638-639, 1980

Sonnenberg GE , Berger M. : Human insulin: Much ado about one amino acid? Editorial Diabetologia 25:457-459, 1983

Hepburn DA , Frier BM : Hypoglycemic unawareness and human insulin. Lancet June 17, 1989 (letter) 1393

Mulhauser I. , Heinemann L. , Fritsche E. , et al: Hypoglycemic symptoms and frequency of severe hypoglycemia in patients treated with human and animal insulin preparations . Diabetes Care 14:745-749, 1991

Clarke WL , Gonder-Frederick LA , Richards FE , et al: Multifactorial origin of hypoglycemic symptom unawareness in IDDM. Diabetes 40:680-685, 1991

Kern W. , Lieb K. , Kerner W. , et al: Differential effects of human and pork insulin-induced hypoglycemia on neuronal functions in humans. Diabetes 39:1091-1095, 1990 64. Jellin JM (ed): Pharm Letter 6:34, 1990

Jellin JM (ed): Pharm Letter 5:41, 1989

Jellin JM : Pharm Letter 7:60, 1991

Point Study Group: One-year trial of a remote-controlled implantable insulin infusion system in type I diabetic patients. Lancet 2:866-869, 1988

Halle J-P. , Lambert J. , Lindmeyer I. , et al: Twice-daily mixed regular and NPH insulin injections with new jet injector versus conventional syringes: Pharmacokinetics of insulin absorption . Diabetes Care 9:279-282, 1986

Malone JI , Lewitt S. , Grove WP , et al: Comparison of insulin levels after injection by jet stream and disposable insulin syringe. Diabetes Care 9:637-640, 1986

Edsberg B. , et al: Sprinkler needle spreads insulin load for diabetic patients . Br Med J 294:1373-1376, 1987

American Diabetes Association Task force : Position statement on jet injectors. Diabetes Care 11:600-601, 1988

Salzman R. , Manson JE , Griffing GT , et al: Intranasal aerosolized insulin: Mixed-meal studies and long-term use in type I diabetes. N Engl J Med 312:1078-1084, 1985

Corry RJ : Vascularized pancreas transplantation. Diabetes 38:321-322, 1989 (suppl 1)

Alejandro R. , Noel J. , Latif Z. , et al: Human islet cell transplantation: University of Miami School of Medicine experience, in Brunetti P , Waldhausl WK (eds): Advanced Models for the Therapy of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. New York, NY, Raven Press , 1987

Pfeiffer EF : On the way to the automated (blood) glucose regulation in diabetes: The dark past, the grey present, the rosy future. Diabetologia 30:51-65, 1987

Francisco GE : Diabetes mellitus, in DiPiro JT , Talbert R , Hayes P , Yee G , et al (eds): Pharmacotherapy, A Pathophysiologic Approach. New York, NY, Elsevier , 1989 p 815

Gossel TA , Wuest JR : Advising patients on insulin use. Mississippi Pharmacist September/October 1991, pp 35-37

Position Statement: Insulin Administration, Diabets Care, 14:30-33, 1991 (suppl 2)

Francisco GE : Diabetes mellitus, in DiPiro JT , Talbert R , Hayes P , Yee G et al (eds): Pharmacotherapy, A Pathophysiologic Approach. Elsevier, New York, NY 1989, p 812