Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adekeye
EO
. The pattern of fractures of the facial skeleton in Kaduna, Nigeria: a survey of 1,447 cases . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path
1980 ; 49 : 491
2.
Abiose
BO
. Maxillofacial skeleton injuries in the western states of Nigeria . Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg
1986 ; 24 : 31
3.
Arotiba
GT
. The aetiology of facial fractures in Lagos . Nig Postgrad Med J
1996 ; 3 : 37
4.
Muller
T
Schoeman
HS
. Zygymaticomaxillary fractures: A statistical analysis of 1,233 cases . J Dental Assoc SA
1977 ; 32 : 585
5.
Rowe
NL
Killey
HC
. Fractures of the Facial Skeleton , 2nd edn.
London : E & S Livingstone , 1970 : 857
6.
Cesare
J
Morgon
AS
Felice
PR
. Characteristics of blunt and personal violent injuries . J Trauma
1990 ; 30 : 176
7.
Brown
RD
Cowpe
JG
. Patterns of maxillofacial trauma in two different cultures . J R Coll Surg Edin
1985 ; 30 : 299
8.
Hill
CM
Crosher
RF
Coroll
MJ
. Facial fractures: the result of a prospective four years study . J Craniomaxillofac Surg
1984 ; 12 : 257
9.
Forthergil
NJ
Hashemi
K
. A prospective study of assault victims attending a suburban A and E department . Arch Emerg Med
1990 ; 7 : 172
10.
Strom
C
Johanson
G
Moedenram
G
. Facial injuries due to criminal violence: a retrospective study of hospital attenders . Med Sci Law
1992 ; 32 : 345
11.
McFarlene
J
. Battering during pregnancy: tip of an iceberg revealed . Women Health
1989 ; 15 : 69
12.
Christoffel
KK
. Violent death and injury in US children and adolescents . Am J Dis Child
1990 ; 144 : 697
13.
Kelley
HC
. Killey's Fractures . In:
Borks
P
. Fractures of the Mandible , 3rd edn.
London : Wright , 1988
14.
Melired
EP
Koomin
AJ
. Fractures of the mandible — A review of 909 cases . Plast Reconstr Surg
1975 ; 56 : 146
15.
Sheperd
JP
Shapland
M
Peorce
M
. Pattern, severity and aetiology of injuries in victims of assault . J R Soc Med
1990 ; 83 : 75
16.
Gussack
CS
Luterman
A
Rodgers
K
. Paediatric maxillo-facial trauma: unique features in diagnosis and treatment . J Laryngoscope
1987 ; 97 : 925
17.
Le fort
R
. Etude expérimentale sur les fractures de la machoire supérieure . Rev Chirurgio
1901 ; 23 : 208
18.
Magennis
P
Shepherd
J
Hutchison
I
Brown
A
. Trends in facial injury: increasing violence more than compensates for decreasing road trauma . BMJ
1998 ; 316 : 325 –6
