In a population-based study of podoconiosis in two resettlement schemes in western Ethiopia, we found that 5% of 194 settlers and 9% of 222 indigenous people were affected. Prevalence rates were generally higher in males than females and increased with age, indicating sex differences in occupationally linked trauma to the feet and the cumulative effect of long-term exposure to volcanic soils. Persons wearing shoes had significantly lower rates than those usually walking barefoot. Suggestions are made for the control of podoconiosis.
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