The silent threat: A case series on lead-induced neurological and systemic damage

Abstract

Lead toxicity remains a significant global public health concern, with diverse clinical manifestations influenced by the route and duration of exposure. The complexity of its presentation often makes timely diagnosis and intervention difficult. This case series presents two cases: a 35-year old male from rural Haryana, India, with environmental lead exposure resulting in cerebellar ataxia and microcytic anaemia, and a 30-year old battery factory worker with occupational exposure leading to motor neuropathy, nephropathy, and anaemia. These cases illustrate the diagnostic complexities associated with lead toxicity, particularly when serum lead levels do not reliably reflect the severity of exposure. The first case was linked to groundwater contamination, whereas the second case highlighted the impact of chronic workplace exposure despite apparently normal serum lead concentrations. Both cases demonstrated clinical improvement following exposure cessation and chelation therapy, emphasising the importance of early recognition and intervention. These case reports underscore the necessity of stringent environmental regulations, occupational safety measures, and heightened clinical awareness to mitigate lead-related morbidity.