Gender-based violence against female patients in hospitals

Abstract

Gender-based violence (GBV) against female patients in Indian hospitals is an under-recognized but critical issue that undermines the principles of equitable healthcare. This phenomenon encompasses physical, verbal, emotional, and structural abuse, often exacerbated by deeply entrenched societal norms, gender discrimination, and systemic inefficiencies in healthcare delivery. Female patients in India frequently encounter GBV in its various forms, namely neglect, inappropriate physical contact, discriminatory attitudes, and breaches of confidentiality. Women from marginalized communities (lower socio-economic or minority groups) are particularly vulnerable. Contributing factors include insufficient privacy protocols, overburdened healthcare facilities, inadequate staff training on gender sensitivity, and power dynamics, all of which particularly disadvantage female patients. The consequences of GBV are profound, leading to psychological trauma, diminished trust in healthcare systems, or delayed or avoided medical care. Despite its prevalence, GBV in Indian hospital settings remains under-reported owing to fear of stigma, societal pressure, and lack of accessible reporting mechanisms.