Our cohort study aimed to compare serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels in children with community-acquired pneumonia defined by WHO. The former differentiated between pneumonia and severe pneumonia while the latter was better for the outcome of pneumonia.
RudanIBoschi-PintoCBiloglavZ, et al.Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ2008; 86: 408–16B.
2.
Million Death Study Collaborators. Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey. Lancet2010; 376: 1853–1860.
3.
ClarkJEHammalDHamptonF, et al.Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children seen in hospital. Epidemiol Infect2007; 135: 262–269.
4.
CardinaleFCappielloARMastrototaroMF, et al.Community-acquired pneumonia in children. Early Hum Dev2013; 89: S49–S52.
5.
RamachandranPNedunchelianKVengatesanA,et al.Risk factors for mortality in the community-acquired pneumonia among children aged 1–59 months admitted in a referral hospital. Indian Pediatr2012; 49: 889–895.
WilliamsDJZhuYGrijalvaCG, et al.Predicting severe pneumonia outcomes in children. Pediatrics2016; 138: e20161019.
8.
ParkJHWeeJHChoiSP,et al.The value of procalcitonin level in community-acquired pneumonia in the ED. Am J Emerg Med2012; 30: 1248–1254.
9.
AgnelloLBelliaCDi GangiM, et al.Utility of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in severity assessment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Clin Biochem2016; 49: 47–50.
10.
MullerBChrist-CrainMNylenES, et al.Limits to the use of the procalcitonin level as a diagnostic marker. Clin Infect Dis2004; 39: 1867–1868.
11.
ReinhartKMeisnerMBrunkhorstFM. Markers for sepsis diagnosis: what is useful?Crit Care Clin2006; 22: 503–519.ix–x.
12.
HarrisMClarkJCooteN, et al.British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax2011; 66: ii1eii23.
13.
KorppiMRemesSHeiskanen-KosmaT. Serum procalcitonin concentrations in bacterial pneumonia in children: a negative result in primary healthcare settings. Pediatr Pulmonol2003; 35: 56–61.
14.
YadavKKAwasthiSTakiaL, et al.Procalcitonin and c-reactive protein in WHO defined severe and very severe community-acquired pneumonia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health2015; 3: S3–S9.
15.
PrattCDominguezJRodrigoC, et al.Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and leukocyte count in children with lower respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J2003; 22: 9637.
16.
ToikkaPIrjalaKJuvenT, et al.Serum procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 for distinguishing bacterial and viral pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J2000; 19: 598–602.
DeanPFlorinTA. Factors associated with pneumonia severity in children: a systematic review. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc2018; 7: 323–334.
19.
SaleemSMKhanSSJanSS. Role of serum procalcitonin level in early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children, a hospital-based study. Int J Res Med Sci2016; 4: 1518–1521.
20.
AlmirallJBolıbarIToranP, et al.The community acquired pneumonia Maresme Study Group. Chest2004; 125: 1335–1342.
21.
BircanAKayaOGokirmakM,et al.C-reactive protein, leukocyte count and ESR in the assessment of severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks2006; 54: 22–29.
22.
HohenthalUHurmeSHeleniusH, et al.Utility of C-reactive protein in assessing the disease severity and complications of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect2009; 15: 1026–1032.
23.
RatageriVHPanigattiPMukherjeeA, et al.Role of procalcitonin in diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia in Children. BMC Pediatr2022; 22: 1–9.
24.
BashirAKhanRThompsonS,et al.A retrospective observational study of biomarker levels and severity assessment in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. Medicine (Baltimore)2022; 101: e30010.
25.
FlorinTAAmbroggioLBrokampC, et al.Biomarkers and disease severity in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatrics2020; 146: e20193728.
26.
StockmannCAmpofoKKillpackJ, et al.Procalcitonin accurately identifies hospitalized children with low risk of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc2018; 7: 46–53.
27.
EspositoSDi GangiMCardinaleF, et al.Sensitivity and specificity of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide and midregional proadrenomedullin for distinguishing etiology and to assess severity in community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS One2016; 11: e0163262.
28.
KhanDARahmanAKhanFA. Is procalcitonin better than C-reactive protein for early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children?J Clin Lab Anal2010; 24: 1–5.
29.
MéndezRAldásIMenéndezR. Biomarkers in community-acquired pneumonia (cardiac and non-cardiac). J Clin Med2020; 9: 549.
30.
KarakioulakiMStolzD. Biomarkers in pneumonia-beyond procalcitonin. Int J Mol Sci2019; 20: 2004.
