Genito-urinary tuberculosis (TB) corresponds to the second most common cause of extrapulmonary tuberculosis EPTB worldwide. It is however rare and is often clinically indistinguishable from testicular malignancy and infarction. HIV hugely increases the risk of TB in unusual sites; we present two such cases of testicular tuberculosis. The diagnosis was based respectively on histopathological findings, acid-bacilli smear of biopsy, semen, and culture.
LinhNNVineyKGegiaM, et al.World Health Organization treatment outcome definitions for tuberculosis: 2021 update. Eur Respir J2021; 58: 2100804.
2.
Méndez-SamperioP. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV co-infected individuals: current status, challenges and opportunities for the future. Scand J Immunol2017; 86: 76–82.
3.
NatarajanABeenaPMDevnikarAV, et al.A systemic review on tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc2020; 67: 295–311.
4.
WildbolzH. Verletzungen und Erkrankungen des Scrotums. In: Lehrbuch der Urologie und der Chirurgischen Krankheiten der Männlichen Geschlechtsorgane. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 1934, pp.480–481. 10.1007/978-3-642-53391-4_9
5.
ChoYSJooKJKwonCH, et al.Tuberculosis of testis and prostate that mimicked testicular cancer in young male soccer player. J Exerc Rehabil2013; 3: 389–393.
6.
de la PenaMA. Tuberculosis del epididimo. Medicina (Mex)1946; 26: 325–327.
7.
SeoJWParkCJKimTK, et al.Testicular tuberculosis in multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. J Infect Chemother2013; 19: 767–769.
8.
HadadiAPourmandGMehdipour AghabagherB. Unilateral testicular tuberculosis: case report. Andrologia2012; 44: 70–72.
9.
BellLCKNoursadeghiM. Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection. Nat Rev Microbiol2018; 16: 80–90.
10.
CortezAOMeloACNevesLO, et al.Tuberculosis in Brazil: one country, multiple realities. J Bras Pneumol2021; 47: e20200119.
11.
DattaAGuptaPBhattacharyaB, et al.Evidence of sexual transfer of mycobacteria from male to female partners reporting to an IVF clinic. Trop Doct2022; 52: 331–334.
12.
Rodriguez-TakeuchiSYRenjifoMEMedinaFJ. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: pathophysiology and imaging findings. Radiographics2019; 39: 2023–2037.
13.
AgboCALawalMJibrinD, et al.An isolated testicular tuberculosis mimicking testicular cancer in north-central Nigeria. Infez Med2020; 28: 78–81.