Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infectious disease in immunocompromised patients, including cancer patients, whose detection is by molecular and serological methods. A total of 106 blood samples from patients with different types of cancer were evaluated for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the parasite DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These were detected in 41.51% (44/106) and 0.94% (1/106), respectively, but T. gondii IgM antibody was not detected at all. These results suggest that the screening of toxoplasmosis should be considered more routinely in cancer patients.
Robert-GangneuxFDardéM-L. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev2012; 25: 264–296.
2.
AbdoliABaratiMDalimiAet al.Toxoplasmosis among patients with immunocompromising conditions: a snapshot. J Arch Milit Med2016; 4: e41832–e41832.
3.
IsraelskiDMRemingtonJS. Toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis1993; 17: S423–S435.
4.
DalimiAAbdoliA. Latent toxoplasmosis and human. Iran J Parasitol2012; 7: 1–17.
5.
ZitvogelLApetohLGhiringhelliFet al.Immunological aspects of cancer chemotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol2008; 8: 59–73.
6.
KawakamiYYaguchiTSumimotoHet al.Cancer-induced immunosuppressive cascades and their reversal by molecular-targeted therapy. Annals New York Acad Sci2013; 1284: 80–86.
7.
KhabazMNElkhateebLAl-AlamiJ. Reactivation of latent Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised cancer patients. Comp Clin Pathol2011; 20: 183–186.
8.
WangZDLiuHHMaZXet al.Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Microbiol2017; 8: 389–389.
9.
KhanASuCGermanMet al.Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from immunocompromised patients reveals high prevalence of type I strains. J Clin Microbiol2005; 43: 5881–5887.
10.
AbdoliADalimiASoltanghoraeeHet al.Molecular detection and genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in paraffin-embedded fetoplacental tissues of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Int J Fertil Steril2017; 10: 327–336.
11.
RastiSHassanzadehMSoliemaniAet al.Serological and molecular survey of toxoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients in Kashan and Qom regions, central Iran. Ren Fail2016; 38: 970–973.
12.
KlasterskyJAounM. Opportunistic infections in patients with cancer. Ann Oncol2004; 15: 329–335.
13.
ForoutanMDalvandSDaryaniAet al.Rolling up the pieces of a puzzle: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran. Alexandria Journal of Medicine2018; 54: 189–196.
14.
CongWLiuGHMengQFet al.Toxoplasma gondii infection in cancer patients: prevalence, risk factors, genotypes and association with clinical diagnosis. Cancer Lett2015; 359: 307–313.
15.
Zhou N, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in oral cancer patients in China: a case–control prospective study. Epidemiol Infect 2018. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268818001978.
16.
JiangCLiZChenPet al.The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Chinese population with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore)2015; 94: e2274–e2274.
17.
BarazeshASarkariBSisakhtFMet al.Seroprevalence and molecular evaluation of Toxoplasmosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignancies in the Bushehr Province, Southwest Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol2016; 9: e35410–e35410.
18.
GhasemianMMaraghiSSakiJet al.Determination of antibodies (IgG, IgM) against Toxoplasma gondii in patients with cancer. Iran J Parasitol2007; 2: 1–6.
19.
YazarSYamanOEserBet al.Investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in patients with neoplasia. J Med Microbiol2004; 53: 1183–1186.
20.
NimirAOthmanAEeSet al.Latent toxoplasmosis in patients with different malignancy: a hospital based study. J Clin Med Res2010; 2: 117–120.
21.
HuangYHuangYChangAet al.Is Toxoplasma gondii infection a risk factor for leukemia? An evidence-based meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit2016; 22: 1547–1552.
22.
ThomasFLaffertyKDBrodeurJet al.Incidence of adult brain cancers is higher in countries where the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is common. Biol Lett2012; 8: 101–103.
23.
VittecoqMElgueroELaffertyKDet al.Brain cancer mortality rates increase with Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in France. Infect Genet Evol2012; 12: 496–498.
24.
RostamiAKaranisPFallahiS. Advances in serological, imaging techniques and molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infection2018; 46: 303–315.
25.
LiuQWangZDHuangSYet al.Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasit Vectors2015; 8: 292–292.
26.
Robert-GangneuxFBelazS. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis2016; 29: 330–339.
27.
RuskinJRemingtonJS. Toxoplasmosis in the compromised host. Ann Int Med1976; 84: 193–199.
28.
CareyRMKimballACArmstrongDet al.Toxoplasmosis. Am J Med1973; 54: 30–38.
29.
MorjariaSEpsteinDJRomeroFAet al.Toxoplasma encephalitis in atypical hosts at an academic cancer center. Open Forum Infect Dis2016; 3: ofw070–ofw070.
30.
VietzkeWMGeldermanAHGrimleyPMet al.Toxoplasmosis complicating malignancy. Experience at the National Cancer Institute. Cancer1968; 21: 816–827.
