HIV-infected individuals are predisposed to infection with bacteria, in particular Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typhi Salmonella. Other bacteria also complicate HIV disease, either because they are inherently pathogenic — Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteraciae, bacterial agents of enteritis — or they take advantage of advanced immunosuppression — Rhodococcus spp, Nocardia spp. An understanding of the role of bacteria is essential to the care of HIV-infected patients.
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