The return potential model for norms and roles is extended to yield concepts and measures of normative power and conflict potential, conceived to be complementary attributes of all normative systems. An input-output energy model is proposed to represent the normative process, without assuming either equilibrium tendencies or ego's motivation to conform. Organized, disorganized, and unorganized states of a normative system are defined in terms of the relative values of normative power and conflict potential. Results of applying the model are presented from studies of a white-collar role in a telephone company, the acceptance of an innovative nursing role, and norms for decision-making in four state mental hospitals. Theoretical assumptions and implications of the ideas are discussed, with the conclusion that role theory can be formulated to represent both stability and change and need not be tied to traditional paradigms in sociology.
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