Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The article is a study of two tribal movements based on development-induced displacements in contemporary Orissa. In fact, all the two micro-movement studies are resistance movements against mining based heavy metal industries, e.g. against the Utkal Alumina International Ltd. (UAIL) at Kashipur and against the Vedanta Aluminium Ltd. (VAL) at Lanjigarh. Based on both primary and secondary data, the study is an exercise in new social movement theory. Within the analytical framework of new social movement perspective, the article attempts to explore the nature and extent of displacement and loss of livelihood caused by the projects along with the issues of disappearing tribal culture and tribal identity with the advent of modernity and its corresponding alien culture. Further, it explores the extent of politicisation of the movements. In its continued exploration, the article articulates the role of the civil society (intellectuals, mass media, activists’ organisations and NGOs) in shaping the course of the movement. Lastly, it explicates the questions on development discourse and emergent policy issues from these micro-movements.

Keywords

Collective mobilisation development-induced displacement tribal protest new social movements tribal identity role of civil society politics of development inclusive development

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

All India Citizens Initiative (2008). Nandigram: What really happened? (Report of the People’s Tribunal on Nandigram). Delhi: Daanish Books.

Baboo

Balgovind

(1991). State policies and people’s response: Lessons from Hirakud Dam, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 26(41) (Oct. 12): 2373–75, 2377–79.

Banerjee

Parthasarathi

(2006). Land acquisition and peasant resistance at Singur, Economic and Political Weekly, 41(46), November 18.

Baviskar

Amita

. (1995). In the belly of the river, tribal conflict over development in the Narmada valley. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Chatterjee

A.P.

Mihir

Desai

(Eds) (2006). Communalism in Orissa. Report of the People’s Tribunal on Environment and Human Rights (Led by Justice K.K. Usha). Indian People’s Tribunal Secretariat: New Age Printing Press, pp. 1–87.

Cohen

Jean

. (1985). Strategy or identity: New theoretical paradigm and contemporary social movements, Social Research, Vol 52(4): 663–716.

Crook

Stephen

Jan

Pakulski

Malcolm

Waters

(1994). Postmodernization: Change in advanced society, London, UK: SAGE.

D’Monte

(1989). Green at the grassroots, Seminar, Vol 355, March: 16–20.

Das

Vidhya

(2001). Mining bauxite, maiming people, Economic and Political Weekly, 36(28), July 14–20: 2612–14.

10.

Das

Vidhya

. (2003). Kashipur: Politics of under-development, Economic and Political Weekly, 38(1), January 4–10: 81–84.

11.

Dwivedi

Ranjit

(1999). Displacement, risks and resistance: Local perceptions and actions in the Sardar Sarovar, Development and Change, Vol. 30, p. 4378.

12.

Dwivedi

Ranjit

2006, Conflict and collective action: The Sardar Sarovar Project in India, London: Routledge:

13.

Edwards

David

Hulme

(1992). Scaling-up the development impacts of NGOs: Concepts and experiences. In Edwards

Michael

Hulme

David

(Eds), Making a difference: NGOs and development in a changing world. London: Earth Scan 13–27.

14.

Frank

A. G.

Fuentes

Marta

(1987). Nine theses on social movement, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXII(35), Aug 29: 1503–10.

15.

Fuentes

Marta

Frank

A. G.

(1989). Ten theses on social movement, World Development, Vol. XVII (2): 79–91.

16.

The Indian Express (2010, September 18). Available at http://www.indianexpress.com/news/environment-body-cancels-goahead-to-vedanta/683338/BBCNews, South Asia (2010, Feb 5). Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8500997.stm

17.

Oliver-Smith

Anthony

(2001). Displacement, resistance and the critique of development: From the grassroots to the global, Final report prepared for ESCOR R7644 and Research Programme on Development Induced Displacement and Resettlement, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford.

18.

Oommen

T.K.

(2001). Multiple modernities and the rise of new social movements: The case of India, Indian Social Science Review, Vol. 3(1): 1–16.

19.

Padel

Das

Samarendra

. (2008). Orissa’s highland clearances: The reality gap in R&R, Social Change, Vol 38(4): 576–608.

20.

Patel

Sujata

Joseph

Mathai

Krishnendu

Ray

(1988). Bheeta maati-our soil, our earth, our home: A report on missile base and struggle, PUDR, August, Record No. CL 010015, Delhi.

21.

Patel

Sujata

(1989). Agni, cyclone and Baliapal agitation, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 24(25), June 24: 1381–82.

22.

Routledge

Paul

(1993). Terrains of resistance: Nonviolent social movements and contestations of place in India, Praeger Publishers, West Port, Ch-3: 39–74.

23.

Samal

Kishor

(2002). Shrimp culture in Chilika Lake: Case of occupational displacement of fishermen, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 37(18) (May 4–10): 1714–18.

24.

Sarkar

Abhirup

(2007). Development and displacement. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 42(16): April 16–21.

25.

Sarangi

Debaranjan

(2002). Surviving against the odds: Case of Kashipur, Economic and Political Weekly, Aug 3–9: 3239–41.

26.

Touraine

Alain

(1985). An introduction to the study of social movements, Social Research, Vol. 52(4): 749–88.

Tribal Resistance Movements and the Politics of Development-Induced Displacement in Contemporary Orissa

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References