The theory of demographic challenge and response with facts from India

Abstract

The ideas expressed in this article, as also its title, are influenced by “The Theory of Change and Response in Modern Demographic History” (Davis, 1963: 345-366) and the theory of “Challenge-and-response” (Toynbee, 1972: 97-110).

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aarti, N. 2004. “Battle of the unborn”, Deccan Herald, December 24.

Agarwala, S. N. 1962. Age at Marriage in India. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal.

Altekar, A.S. 1959. The Position of Women in Hindu Civilisation. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Apte, V. M. 1996. “Social and economic conditions,” in R.C. Majumdar , Pusalker, A.D. and Majumdar A. K. (eds.), The Vedic Age, pp. 387–406. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

Arnold, Fred , Kishor Sunita and Roy, T. K. 2002. “Sex-selective Abortions in India,” Population and Development Review 28, no. 4: 759–785.

Basham, A. L. 1967. The Wonder that was India. Kolkata: Rupa & Co.

Beeker, Gary S. 1974. “A theory of marriage: Part 11,” Journal of Political Economy 82, no. 2 Part II: S 12–S 26.

Bhat, M. and Kanbargi, R. 1984. “Estimating the incidence of widow and widower remarriage in India from census data,‘ Population Studies 38, no.1:89–103.

Bhat, P. N. Marri and Halli, Shiva S. 1999. “Demography of brideprice and dowry: Causes and consequences of the Indian marriage squeeze,” Population Studies 53, no. 2: 129–148.

10.

Bose, Ashish . 2001. India's Billion Plus People. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation.

11.

Caldwell, J. C. 1963. “Fertility decline and female chances of marriage in Malays,” Population Studies 17, no. 1:21–32.

12.

Caldwell, John C. 1983. “In search of a theory of fertility decline for India and Sri Lanka,” in K. Srinivasan and S. Mukerji (eds), Dynamics of Population and Family Welfare 1983, pp.103–137. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.

13.

Caldwell, John C , Reddy, P. H. and Caldwell. Pat . 1988. The Causes of Demographic Change: Experimental Research in South India. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.

14.

Davis, Kingsley . 1963. “The theory of change and response in modern demographic history,” Population Index 29, no. 4: 345–366.

15.

Davis, Kingsley and Blake, Judith . 1956. “Social structure and fertility: An analytic framework,” Economic Development and Cultural Change 4, no. 3:211–235.

16.

Diwan, Paras and Diwan Peeyushi . 1994. Women and Legal Protecion. New Delhi: Deep& Deep Publications.

17.

Dutta, K. K. 1965. “Changes in the structure of Indian society in the twentieth century,” in Guy Metraux and Francois Gouzet (eds.), Studies in Cultural History, pp. 447–481. Agra: Shiva Lai Agarvala.

18.

Ganguly, D.C. 2001. “Ghaznavid invasion,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Struggle for Empire, pp. 1–23. Mumbai: Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan.

19.

Kapadia, K. M. 1966. Marriage and Family in India. Calcutta: Oxford University Press.

20.

Kaul, Ikbal. 1988. “Husband's rights and wife's rites,” The Times of India, January 3.

21.

Majumdar, R.C. 1991. “Social reform,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.K. Majumdar and D.K. Ghose (eds.), British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part II pp. 256–294. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

22.

Majumdar, R.C. 1997. “Harsha Vardhana and his time,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A. K. Majumdar (eds.), The Classical Age, pp. 96–123. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

23.

Majumdar, R.C. 2001. “Social condition,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Age of Imperial Unity, pp. 542–581. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

24.

Majumdar, R.C. 2002a. “The rise and fall of the Sikh Kingdom,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.K. Majumdar and D.K. Ghose (eds.), British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance. Part I pp. 235–294 Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

25.

Majumdar, R.C. 2002b. “Discontent and disaffection,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.K. Majumdar and D.K. Ghose (eds.), British Paramountsy and Indian Renaissance, pp. 406–434. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

26.

Merton, Robert K. 1968. Social Theory and Social Structure: 1968 Enlarged Edition. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

27.

Mookerji, Radha Kumud . 2001a. “Rise of Magadhan imperialism,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Age of Imperial Unity, pp. 18–38. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

28.

Mookerji, Radha Kumud . 2001b. “Foreign invasions,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Age of Imperial Unity, pp. 39–53. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

29.

Munshi, K.M. 1996. “Foreword,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Puslker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Vedic Age, pp. 7–12. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

30.

Nhan, Vu Quy and Hanengerg, Robert . 1989. “The 1988 demographic survey of Viet Nam,” Asia-Pacific Population Journal 4, no.3: 3–14.

31.

Pakrasi, Kanti B. 1970. Female Infanticide in India Kolkata: Editions Indian.

32.

Population Foundation of India . 2003. “Advocacy-female foeticide,” Focus 17, no.2: 10–11.

33.

Prabhu, P.H. 1963. Hindu Social Organisation. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan.

34.

Prasad, Jitendra . 1991. “Sociological dimensions of female foeticide,” in Shamsuddin Shams (ed.), Women, Law and Social Change, pp. 169–181. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.

35.

Puntambekar . 2001. “Peshwa Balaji Rao (1740-1761),” in R.C. Majumdar , A.K. Majumdar and V.G. Dighe (eds.), The Maratha Supremacy, pp. 170–200. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

36.

Roy, S. 1990. “The Khalji dynasty,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Delhi Sultanate, pp. 12–46. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

37.

Roy, S. 1994a. “Babur,” in R.C. Majumdar , J.N. Chaudhuri and S. Chaudhuri (eds.), The Mughul Empire, pp. 25–40. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

38.

Roy, S. 1994b. “Akbar,” in R.C. Majumdar , J.N. Chaudhuri and S. Chaudhuri (eds.), The Mughul Empire, pp. 104–174. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

39.

Sathianathaier, R. 1993. “South India,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Age of Imperial Kanauj, pp. 151–165. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

40.

Srinivas, M. N. 1952. Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India. Mumbai: Asia Publishing House.

41.

Toynbee, Arnold . 1972. A Study of History: The New One-Volume Edition. London: Oxford University Press and Thames and Hudson Ltd.

42.

Venkataramanayya, N. 1990. “The Kingdom of Vijayanagara,” in R.C. Majumdar , A.D. Pusalker and A.K. Majumdar (eds.), The Delhi Sultanate, pp. 271–320. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

43.

Westermarch, Edward . 1921. The History of Human Marriage, Vol 1. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited.

44.

Zachariah, K.C. 1984. The Anomaly of Fertility Decline in India s Kerala State. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

45.