This paper looks into the past trend and current status of rural literacy and basic education in the major States and of population groups within the States, to assess relative performance of the States and groups. Observed differentials in performance is then related to some aspects of State policies, social movements and popular action/apathy in progressive and backward States. Some policy implications flowing out of these have been indicated.
Household income has been analysed to draw a comparative picture of SCs, STs and others in terms of level and distribution of income, incidence and intensity of poverty. The results show that our efforts to improve the socio-economic condition of SCs and STs seem to have failed to make any significant impact on their lives even after decades of planning.
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