Peak and Off-Peak Use: Redistributing the Outdoor Recreation/Tourism Load

Abstract

Uneven distribution of use over time (peaking) is one of the most pervasive problems in outdoor recreation and tourism, causing inefficient resource use, loss of profit potential, strain on social and ecological carrying capacities, and administrative scheduling difficulties. This study sought to investigate the extent to which recreation use might be shiftedfrom peak to off-peak periods. The study method was a survey of campers in the Vermont State Park system to test their reaction to a number of planning and management actions designed to alter their camping activity over time. Substantial potential was found for shifting camping activity from peak to off-peak periods, with differential fees, altering opening and closing dates, and location of parks closer to population centers showing the greatest potential effectiveness. Summer weekdays appear to be the easiest off-peak period to which use might be shifted followed by fall, spring, fall and spring combined, and winter. Potential target markets are identified for use redistribution efforts based on work/leisure patterns, stage of family life cycle, residency, and type of recreation activities engaged in.

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