Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Generation Z (Gen Z) has emerged as the largest and most challenging consumer group for destination marketers. This study investigates the varying effects of social media marketing activities (SMMAs) on Gen Z travel behaviors. A comparative analysis approach between Gen Z and other generations was used to assess the attributes of SMMAs and their role in tourism destination visits. Gen Z tourists were more susceptible to the four traits of SMMAs (entertainment, trendiness, interaction, and word-of-mouth) when choosing destinations and were more likely to pay a premium for visiting than their generational counterparts. Gen Z females were more likely to be influenced by SMMA customization and word-of-mouth features, while Gen Z males were more sensitive to the entertainment features of SMMAs. These findings deepens marketers’ understanding of Gen Z travelers’ preferences and behaviors so that they provide constructive directions for marketers to implement effective SMMAs strategies.

Keywords

social media marketing activities (SMMAs)Generation Z (Gen Z)destination preference willingness to pay premium (WTPP)multi-group analysis (MGA)

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Abdullah

Ismail

M. M.

Albani

2018. “At-Risk Generation Z: Values, Talents and Challenges.” International Journal of Asian Social Science 8 (7): 373–8. doi:10.18488/journal.1.2018.87.373.378.

Amaro

Duarte

Henriques

2016. “Travelers’ Use of Social Media: A Clustering Approach.” Annals of Tourism Research 59:1–15. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2016.03.007.

Arlt

W. G.

Thraenhart

2011. “Social Media Tourism Marketing in China.” In Trends and Issues in Global Tourism, edited by Conrady

Bucki

, 149–54. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

Bassiouni

D. H.

Hackley

2014. “‘Generation Z’ Children’s Adaptation to Digital Consumer Culture: A Critical Literature Review.” Journal of Customer Behaviour 13 (2): 113–33. doi:10.1362/147539214x14024779483591.

Bennett

Pitt

Price

2012. “Understanding the Impact of Generational Issues in the Workplace.” Facilities 30 (7/8): 278–88. doi:10.1108/02632771211220086.

Bento

Martinez

L. M.

Martinez

L. F.

2018. “Brand Engagement and Search for Brands on Social Media: Comparing Generations X and Y in Portugal.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 43:234–41. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.04.003.

Bhargava

Finneman

Schmidt

Spagnuolo

2020. The Young and the Restless: Generation Z in America. New York: McKinsey & Company. http://mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/the-young-and-the-restless-generation-z-in-america

Braojos-Gomez

Benitez-Amado

Javier Llorens-Montes

2015. “How Do Small Firms Learn to Develop a Social Media Competence?” International Journal of Information Management 35 (4): 443–58. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.04.003.

Bruhn

Schoenmueller

Schäfer

D. B.

2012. “Are Social Media Replacing Traditional Media in Terms of Brand Equity Creation?” Management Research Review 35 (9): 770–90. doi:10.1108/01409171211255948.

10.

Buhalis

Foerste

2015. “Socomo Marketing for Travel and Tourism: Empowering Co-creation of Value.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 4 (3): 151–61. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.04.001.

11.

Chang

Y. W.

Hsu

P. Y.

Lan

Y. C.

2019. “Cooperation and Competition Between Online Travel Agencies and Hotels.” Tourism Management 71:187–96. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.08.026

12.

Chen

S. C.

Lin

C. P.

2019. “Understanding the Effect of Social Media Marketing Activities: The Mediation of Social Identification, Perceived Value, and Satisfaction.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 140:22–32. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.11.025.

13.

Chen

Ryan

Zhang

2021. “Transgenerational Place Attachment in a New Zealand Seaside Destination.” Tourism Management 82:104196. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104196.

14.

Chin

W. W.

Dibbern

2010. “A Permutation Based Procedure for Multi-Group PLS Analysis: Results of Tests of Differences on Simulated Data and a Cross Cultural Analysis of the Sourcing of Information System Services Between Germany and the USA.” In Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications, edited by Vinzi

Chin

W. W.

Henseler

Wang

, 171–93. Heidelberg: Springer.

15.

Diep

V. C. S.

Sweeney

J. C.

2008. “Shopping Trip Value: Do Stores and Products Matter?” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 15 (5): 399–409. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2007.10.002

16.

Duffett

R. G.

2017. “Influence of Social Media Marketing Communications on Young Consumers’ Attitudes.” Young Consumers 18 (1): 19–39. doi:10.1108/yc-07-2016-00622.

17.

Dwivedi

Nayeem

Murshed

2018. “Brand Experience and Consumers’ Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) a Price Premium: Mediating Role of Brand Credibility and Perceived Uniqueness.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 44:100–7. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.06.009.

18.

Eagly

A. H.

1987. Sex Difference in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

19.

Euromonitor. 2018. “Generation Z: The Next Wave of Consumers.” September 20. http://www.portal.euromonitor.com.ezproxy.mdx.ac.uk/portal/analysis/tab/

20.

Fister-Gale

2015. “Forget Millennials: Are You Ready for Generation Z?.” October 9. http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.lnu.se/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1587bc3d-0f9de48d2-bfcee09ebe1f7223%40sessionmgr115&vid=10&hid=103

21.

Fornell

Larcker

D. F.

1981. “Evaluating Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error.” JMR, Journal of Marketing Research 18 (1): 39–50. doi:10.2307/3151312.

22.

Francis

Hoefel

2018. “‘True Gen’: Generation Z and its Implications for Companies.” November 12. http://mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights/true-gen-generation-z-and-its-implications-for-companies

23.

Gardiner

Grace

King

2014. “The Generation Effect: The Future of Domestic Tourism in Australia.” Journal of Travel Research 53 (6): 705–20. doi:10.1177/0047287514530810.

24.

Gefen

Rigdon

E. E.

Straub

2011. “An Update and Extension to SEM Guidelines for Administrative and Social Science Research.” MIS Quarterly 35 (2): 3–14. doi:10.2307/23044042.

25.

Godey

Manthiou

Pederzoli

Rokka

Aiello

Donvito

Singh

2016. “Social Media Marketing Efforts of Luxury Brands: Influence on Brand Equity and Consumer Behavior.” Journal of Business Research 69 (12): 5833–41. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.181.

26.

Goh

Jie

2019. “To Waste or Not to Waste: Exploring Motivational Factors of Generation Z Hospitality Employees Towards Food Wastage in the Hospitality Industry.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 80:126–35. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.02.005.

27.

Goh

Okumus

2020. “Avoiding the Hospitality Workforce Bubble: Strategies to Attract and Retain Generation Z Talent in the Hospitality Workforce.” Tourism Management Perspectives 33:100603. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100603.

28.

Gretzel

Fesenmaier

D. R.

Formica

O’Leary

J. T.

2006. “Searching for the Future: Challenges Faced by Destination Marketing Organizations.” Journal of Travel Research 45 (2): 116–26. doi:10.1177/0047287506291598.

29.

Gretzel

Yuan

Y. L.

Fesenmaier

D. R.

2000. “Preparing for the New Economy: Advertising Strategies and Change in Destination Marketing Organizations.” Journal of Travel Research 39 (2): 146–56. doi:10.1177/004728750003900204.

30.

Hair

J. F.

Jr Black

W. C.

Babin

B. J.

Anderson

R. E.

2010. Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

31.

Hair

J. F.

Hult

G. T. M.

Ringle

Sarstedt

2014. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). London: SAGE Publications.

32.

Hair

J. F.

Risher

J. J.

Sarstedt

Ringle

C. M.

2019. “When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM.” European Business Review 31 (1): 2–24. doi:10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203.

33.

Hair

J. F.

Sarstedt

Pieper

T. M.

Ringle

C. M.

2012. “The Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Strategic Management Research: A Review of Past Practices and Recommendations for Future Applications.” Long Range Planning 45 (5–6): 320–40. doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.008.

34.

Han

Meng

Kim

2017. “Bike-Traveling as a Growing Phenomenon: Role of Attributes, Value, Satisfaction, Desire, and Gender in Developing Loyalty.” Tourism Management 59:91–103. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.07.013.

35.

Han

Ryu

2007. “Moderating Role of Personal Characteristics in Forming Restaurant Customers’ Behavioral Intentions: An Upscale Restaurant Setting.” Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing 15 (4): 25–54. doi:10.1300/j150v15n04_03.

36.

Harman

H. H.

1976. Modern Factor Analysis. New York, NY: University of Chicago Press.

37.

Henseler

Ringle

Sinkovics

2009. “The Use of Partial Least Squares path Modeling in International Marketing.” Advances in International Marketing 20 (1): 277–320. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014.

38.

Henseler

Ringle

C. M.

Sarstedt

2012. “Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling in International Advertising Research: Basic Concepts and Recent Issues.” In Handbook of Research in International Advertising, edited by Okazaki

, 252–76. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

39.

Henseler

Ringle

C. M.

Sarstedt

2015. “A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling.” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 43 (1): 115–35. doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8.

40.

Henseler

Ringle

C. M.

Sarstedt

2016. “Testing Measurement Invariance of Composites Using Partial Least Squares.” International Marketing Review 33 (3): 405–31. doi:10.1108/imr-09-2014-0304.

41.

Hoffmann

Birnbrich

2012. “The Impact of Fraud Prevention on Bank-Customer Relationships: An Empirical Investigation in Retail Banking.” The International Journal of Bank Marketing 30 (5): 390–407. doi:10.1108/02652321211247435.

42.

S. Y.

Bodoff

2014. “The Effects of Web Personalization on User Attitude and Behavior: An Integration of the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Consumer Search Theory.” MIS Quarterly 38 (2): 497–520. doi:10.25300/misq/2014/38.2.08.

43.

Hsu

T. K.

Tsai

Y. F.

H. H.

2009. “The Preference Analysis for Tourist Choice of Destination: A Case Study of Taiwan.” Tourism Management 30 (2): 288–97. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.011.

44.

Iorgulescu

M. C.

2016. “Generation Z and Its Perception of Work.” Cross-cultural Management Journal 18 (1): 47–54.

45.

Kaiser Family Foundation. 2010. “Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8-to 18-Year-Olds.” September 20. https://www.kff.org/other/event/generation-m2-media-in-the-lives-of/

46.

Kelly

Kerr

Drennan

2010. “Avoidance of Advertising in Social Networking Sites: The Teenage Perspective.” Journal of Interactive Advertising 10 (2): 16–27. doi:10.1080/15252019.2010.10722167.

47.

Kim

McInerney

Smith

T. R.

Yamakawa

2020. “What Makes Asia−Pacific’s Generation Z Different?.” September 20. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/what-makes-asia-pacifics-generation-z-different

48.

Kim

A. J.

2012. “Do Social Media Marketing Activities Enhance Customer Equity? An Empirical Study of Luxury Fashion Brand.” Journal of Business Research 65 (10): 1480–6. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.014.

49.

Kim

D. Y.

Lehto

X. Y.

Morrison

A. M.

2007. “Gender Differences in Online Travel Information Search: Implications for Marketing Communications on the Internet.” Tourism Management 28 (2): 423–33. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.001.

50.

Kim

J. H.

Hyun

Y. J.

2011. “A Model to Investigate the Influence of Marketing-Mix Efforts and Corporate Image on Brand Equity in the IT Software Sector.” Industrial Marketing Management 40 (3): 424–38. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.06.024.

51.

Knott

. 2019. “Meet the New Generation Z.” The Snacks Magazine(AUTUMN), 40–42.

52.

Kupperschmidt

B. R.

2000. “Multigeneration Employees: Strategies for Effective Management.” Health Care Management 19 (1): 65–76. doi:10.4172/2162-6359.1000528.

53.

Lacher

R. G.

C. O.

Jodice

L. W.

Norman

W. C.

2013. “The Role of Heritage and Cultural Elements in Coastal Tourism Destination Preferences: A Choice Modeling-Based Analysis.” Journal of Travel Research 52 (4): 534–46. doi:10.1177/0047287512475215.

54.

Lazarevic

2012. “Encouraging Brand Loyalty in Fickle Generation Y Consumers.” Young Consumers 13 (1): 45–61. doi:10.1108/17473611211203939.

55.

Lee

Hong

J. H.

Chung

Back

K. J.

2021. “Exploring the Roles of DMO’s Social Media Efforts and Information Richness on Customer Engagement: Empirical Analysis on Facebook Event Pages.” Journal of Travel Research 60 (3): 670–86. doi:10.1177/0047287520934874.

56.

Leung

X. Y.

Bai

Erdem

2017. “Hotel Social Media Marketing: A Study on Message Strategy and Its Effectiveness.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 8 (2): 239–55. doi:10.1108/jhtt-02-2017-0012.

57.

Leung

X. Y.

Bai

Stahura

K. A.

2015. “The Marketing Effectiveness of Social Media in the Hotel Industry.” Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 39 (2): 147–69. doi:10.1177/1096348012471381.

58.

Liu

Shin

Burns

A. C.

2021. “Examining the Impact of Luxury Brand’s Social Media Marketing on Customer Engagement: Using Big Data Analytics and Natural Language Processing.” Journal of Business Research 125:815–26. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.042.

59.

Llopis-Amorós

M. P.

Gil-Saura

Ruiz-Molina

M. E.

Fuentes-Blasco

2019. “Social Media Communications and Festival Brand Equity: Millennials Vs Centennials.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 40:134–44. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.08.002.

60.

Luna-Cortés

2018. “Differences Among Generations of USA Tourists Regarding the Positive Content Created About Colombia in Social Media.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 36:31–9. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.07.002.

61.

Mariani

M. M.

Di Felice

Mura

2016. “Facebook as a Destination Marketing Tool: Evidence From Italian Regional Destination Management Organizations.” Tourism Management 54:321–43. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.008.

62.

Mclaughlin

Bradley

Prentice

Verner

E. J.

Loane

2020. “Gender differences using online auctions within a generation Y sample: An application of the theory of planned behaviour.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 56 (5): 102181. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102181

63.

Mistilis

Buhalis

Gretzel

2014. “Future Edestination Marketing: Perspective of an Australian Tourism Stakeholder Network.” Journal of Travel Research 53 (6): 778–90. doi:10.1177/0047287514522874.

64.

Molina

Fernández

A. C.

Gómez

Aranda

2017. “Differences in the City Branding of European Capitals Based on Online vs. Offline Sources of Information.” Tourism Management 58:28–39. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.005.

65.

Naylor

R. W.

Lamberton

C. P.

West

P. M.

2012. “Beyond the ‘Like’ Button: The Impact of Mere Virtual Presence on Brand Evaluations and Purchase Intentions in Social Media Settings.” Journal of Marketing 76 (6): 105–20. doi:10.1509/jm.11.0105.

66.

Netemeyer

R. G.

Krishnan

Pullig

Wang

Yagci

Dean

Ricks

Wirth

2004. “Developing and Validating Measures of Facets of Customer-Based Brand Equity.” Journal of Business Research 57 (2): 209–24. doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(01)00303-4.

67.

Nunnally

J. C.

Bernstein

1994. Psychometric Theory. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

68.

Okazaki

Hirose

2009. “Does Gender Affect Media Choice in Travel Information Search? On the Use of Mobile Internet.” Tourism Management 30 (6): 794–804. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.12.012.

69.

Önder

Gunter

Gindl

2020. “Utilizing Facebook Statistics in Tourism Demand Modeling and Destination Marketing.” Journal of Travel Research 59 (2): 195–208. doi:10.1177/0047287519835969.

70.

Otnes

McGrath

M. A.

2001. “Perceptions and Realities of Male Shopping Behavior.” Journal of Retailing 77 (1): 111–37. doi:10.1016/s0022-4359(00)00047-6.

71.

Ozkan

Solmaz

2015. “The Changing Face of the Employees – Generation Z and Their Perceptions of Work (A Study Applied to University Students).” Procedia Economics and Finance 26:476–83. doi:10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00876-x.

72.

Ozkan, M., and B. Solmaz. 2017. “Generation Z - The Global Market’s New Consumers- and Their Consumption Habits: Generation Z Consumption Scale.” European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2 (5): 150–7.

73.

Pachucki

Grohs

Scholl-Grissemann

2021. “No Story Without a Storyteller: The Impact of the Storyteller as a Narrative Element in Online Destination Marketing.” Journal of Travel Research. Published online September 21. doi:10.1177/00472875211046052.

74.

Parry

Urwin

2011. “Generational Differences in Work Values: A Review of Theory and Evidence.” International Journal of Management Reviews 13 (1): 79–96. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00285.x.

75.

Pennington-Gray

Blair

2010. “Nature-Based Tourism in North America: Is Generation Y the Major Cause of Increased Participation?” In Tourism and Generation Y, edited by P. Benckendorff, 73–84. Cambridge, MA: CAB International.

76.

Phua

Kennedy

Trinh

Page

Hartnett

2020. “Examining Older Consumers’ Loyalty Towards Older Brands in Grocery Retailing.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 52:101893. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101893.

77.

Podsakoff

P. M.

MacKenzie

S. B.

Lee

J. Y.

Podsakoff

N. P.

2003. “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies.” Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (5): 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.

78.

Pöyry

Parvinen

Malmivaara

2013. “Can We Get From Liking to Buying? Behavioral Differences in Hedonic and Utilitarian Facebook Usage.” Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 12 (4): 224–35. doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2013.01.003.

79.

Priporas

C. V.

Stylos

Fotiadis

A. K.

2017. “Generation Z Consumers’ Expectations of Interactions in Smart Retailing: A Future Agenda.” Computers in Human Behavior 77:374–81. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.058.

80.

Priporas

C. V.

Stylos

Kamenidou

2020. “City Image, City Brand Personality and Generation Z Residents’’ Life Satisfaction under Economic Crisis: Predictors of City-related Social Media Engagement.” Journal of Business Research 119:453–63. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.05.019.

81.

Rajamma

R. K.

Pelton

L. E.

Hsu

M. K.

Knight

D. K.

2010. “The Impact of Consumers’ Need for Uniqueness and Nationality on Generation Y’s Retail Patronage Behaviors: Investigating American and Taiwanese Consumers.” Journal of Global Marketing 23 (5): 387–410. doi:10.1080/08911762.2010.521112.

82.

Rasoolimanesh

S. M.

Roldán

J. L.

Jaafar

Ramayah

2017. “Factors Influencing Residents’ Perceptions Toward Tourism Development: Differences Across Rural and Urban World Heritage Sites.” Journal of Travel Research 56 (6): 760–75. doi:10.1177/0047287516662354.

83.

Reinartz

Haenlein

Henseler

2009. “An Empirical Comparison of the Efficacy of Covariance-Based and Variance-Based SEM.” International Journal of Research in Marketing 26 (4): 332–44. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.08.001.

84.

Ribeiro

M. A.

Woosnam

K. M.

Pinto

Silva

J. A.

2018. “Tourists’ Destination Loyalty Through Emotional Solidarity With Residents: An Integrative Moderated Mediation Model.” Journal of Travel Research 57 (3): 279–95. doi:10.1177/0047287517699089.

85.

Richard

M. O.

Chebat

J. C.

Yang

Putrevu

2010. “A Proposed Model of Online Consumer Behavior: Assessing the Role of Gender.” Journal of Business Research 63 (9–10): 926–34. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.02.027.

86.

Richter

Koch

2007. “Social software-status Quo Und Zukunft. Fakultat Fur Informatik, Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen.”

87.

Sarstedt

Henseler

Ringle

2011. “Multigroup Analysis in Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modeling: Alternative Methods and Empirical Results.” Advances in International Marketing 22 (1): 195–218. doi:10.1108/S1474-7979(2011)0000022012.

88.

SD–Agencies. 2019. “China’s Generation Z Teens Spend More and Worry Less Than You Do.” ShenzhenDaily, January 27. https://www.sohu.com/a/291888952_120051744

89.

Seo

E. J.

Park

J. W.

2018. “A Study on the Effects of Social Media Marketing Activities on Brand Equity and Customer Response in the Airline Industry.” Journal of Air Transport Management 66:36–41. doi:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.09.014.

90.

Shao

Morrison

A. M.

2016. “Social Media Micro-Film Marketing by Chinese Destinations: The Case of Shaoxing.” Tourism Management 54:439–51. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.013.

91.

Shatto

Erwin

2016. “Moving on From Millennials: Preparing for Generation Z.” Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 47 (6): 253–4. doi:10.3928/00220124-20160518-05.

92.

K. K. F.

Xiong

King

2018. “Brand Management in the Era of Social Media: Social Visibility of Consumption and Customer Brand Identification.” Journal of Travel Research 57 (6): 727–42. doi:10.1177/0047287517718354.

93.

Strauss

Howe

1997. The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy–What the Cycles of History Tell Us About America’s Next Rendezvous With Destiny. New York, NY: Broadway Books.

94.

Supanti

Butcher

2019. “Is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Participation the Pathway to Foster Meaningful Work and Helping Behavior for Millennials?” International Journal of Hospitality Management 77:8–18. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.001.

95.

Tenenhaus

Vinzi

V. E.

Chatelin

Y. M.

Lauro

2005. “PLS Path Modeling.” Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 48 (1): 159–205. doi:10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005.

96.

Tsimonis

Dimitriadis

2014. “Brand Strategies in Social Media.” Marketing Intelligence & Planning 32 (3): 328–44. doi:10.1108/mip-04-2013-0056.

97.

Uşaklı

Koç

Sönmez

2017. “How ‘Social’ Are Destinations? Examining European DMO Social Media Usage.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 6 (2): 136–49. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.02.001.

98.

Wang

Hsu

M. K.

2016. “Toward an Integrated Model of Tourist Expectation Formation and Gender Difference.” Tourism Management 54:58–71. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.10.009.

99.

Wang

Hong

Gao

2020. “Marketing Innovations During a Global Crisis: A Study of China Firms’ Response to COVID-19.” Journal of Business Research 116:214–20. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.029.

100.

Williams

K. C.

Page

R. A.

2011. “Marketing to the Generations.” Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business 3:1.

101.

Xiang

Fan

2017. “A Comparative Analysis of Major Online Review Platforms: Implications for Social Media Analytics in Hospitality and Tourism.” Tourism Management 58:51–65. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.001.

102.

Yadav

Rahman

2017. “Measuring Consumer Perception of Social Media Marketing Activities in E-commerce Industry: Scale Development & Validation.” Telematics and Informatics 34 (7): 1294–307. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.06.001.

103.

Yelkur

Chakrabarty

2006. “Gender Differences in Service Quality Expectations in the Fast Food Industry.” Services Marketing Quarterly 27 (4): 141–51. doi:10.1300/j396v27n04_08.

104.

Zeng

Gerritsen

2014. “What Do We Know About Social Media in Tourism? A Review.” Tourism Management Perspectives 10:27–36. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2014.01.001.

105.

Zhang

Abound Omran

Cobanoglu

2017. “Generation Y’s Positive and Negative eWOM: Use of Social Media and Mobile Technology.” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29 (2): 732–61.

106.

Zollo

Filieri

Rialti

Yoon

2020. “Unpacking the Relationship Between Social Media Marketing and Brand Equity: The Mediating Role of Consumers’ Benefits and Experience.” Journal of Business Research 117:256–67. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.001.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.02 MB

Delineating the Effects of Social Media Marketing Activities on Generation Z Travel Behaviors

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References

Supplementary Material