4. Cf. Thomas Mann's Doktor Faustus, ch. XXV et passim. Mann develops the motif of infernal coldness with his usual virtuosity.
5.
Gearey, Goethe's "Faust": The Making of Part I (New Haven and London, 1981), 199.
6.
Faust, ed. by Erich Trunz ( Hamburg, 1949), 525.
7.
Encyclopedia Judaica, xi, 245-9.
8.
Erich Neumann, The Great Mother, Schema 3.
9.
Handworterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens, hrsg. von E. Hoffmann-Krayer & Hanns Bachtold-Staudli (Berlin/ Leipzig, 1934/1935), vi, col. 36-38.
10.
10. This is not to say that Goethe planned — consciously at least — these parallels between the "Walpurgis Night" and the close of Faust as a whole.
11.
Johann Peter Eckermann, Gesprache mit Goethe, conversation of 17 February 1831 .
12.
12. Goethe was by no means a direct precursor of Darwin, but his theory of upward development allies him with the evolutionary, camp.
13.
Stuart Atkins, Goethe's Faust, A Literary Analysis (Cambridge , 1958), 190.
14.
Werner Kohlschmidt , "Klassische Walpurgisnacht und christliches Erlosungsmysterium", Zeitwende, xx (1949), 507.
15.
Faust, 11. 6972, and 6974f. Barker Fairley, in a course of lectures at Columbia University, spring 1949.
16.
See Richard Ellmann , James Joyce (New York, 1959), 275, and 449.
17.
Fragment of a letter to Lady Gregory, 21 December 1902, in Letters of James Joyce, ed. by Stuart Gilbert and Richard Ellmann (New York , 1957-66), ii, 24.
18.
Op. cit. (ref. 17), i, 313.
19.
Page references in parentheses pertain to the Random House edition of Ulysses (New York, 1961). "Gerty" could be a Joycean pun on "Goethe".
20.
Richard Ellmann, The Consciousness of Joyce (Toronto and New York, 1977), 55.
21.
On Simon Magus, see The Golden Legend (New York, London, Toronto, 1941), 330-6 and E.M. Butler's The Fortunes of Faust (Cambridge, 1952).
22.
22. Marlowe, Doctor Faustus, sc. 3, 1. 9.
23.
See H.F.T. Rhodes, The Satanic Mass (New York, c. 1955).
24.
24. See especially Faust, 1. 3915.
25.
Don Gifford and R.J. Seidman, Notes for Joyce: An Annotation of James Joyce's "Ulysses" ( New York, 1974), 433.
26.
Proffer, "The Master and Margarita" in Major soviet Writers (London [etc.], 1973), 395.
27.
27. Chamisso also wrote a brief, extremely pessimistic Faust.
28.
Page references in the text pertain to The Master and Margarita, trans. by Michael Glenny (New York, 1967).
29.
A. Colin Wright, Mikhail Bulgakov: Life and Interpretations (Toronto, 1978 ), 259.
30.
Faust, 11. 1335f.
31.
George Santayana made this point some seventy years ago: Three Phlosophical Poets (Cambridge, 1910), 163f.
32.
Like earlier devils, Woland limps. Vâlant means devil in Middle High German.
33.
The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2nd edn ( New York, 1956), s.v. Azazel.
34.
See EricE. Ericson, Jr, in "The Satanic Incarnation: The Master and Margarita", Russian Review, xxxiii ( 1974), 26.
35.
I. Vinogradov , "The Testament of a Master", Soviet Studies in Literature, v, no. 2 ( 1969), 48.
36.
V. Lakshin, "Mikhail Bulgakov's Novel The Master and Margarita" Soviet Studies in Literature, v, no. 1 (winter, 1968-69), 10.
