V.G. Kiernan , "Europe in the Colonial Mirror", in History of European Ideas, i, 1 (1980), 47.
2.
Ibid, 60.
3.
Ernest Psichari, Terres de soleil et de sommeil (1908), in Oeuvres complètes ( Paris, 1948), i, 272.
4.
Ibid, 278-84.
5.
Ibid, 280. The Bayas were one of the African peoples encountered by Psichari in the Mambéré valley, which drained into the Congo.
6.
L'Appel des armes (1913) in Oeuvres complètes, ii, 28, 139.
7.
Ibid., esp. Pt I. chap. 1.
8.
Ibid., 28.
9.
Ibid., 80, 140, 145.
10.
Ibid., 25.
11.
Letter to Bishop Jalabert, May or June 1912, in Lettres du centurion (1933), in Oeuvres complètes, iii, 233.
12.
The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, i (London , 1968), 239.
13.
See Gail P. Kelly, "Colonial Schools in Vietnam: Policy and Practice", in Philip G. Altbach and Gail P. Kelly (eds), Education and Colonialism (New York, 1978), 96-121.
14.
Kelly, " Colonial Schools in Vietnam", 113.
15.
For an exposition of the view that psychological maladjustment was fundamental to colonial vocations, see O. Mannoni, Psychologie de la colonisation (Paris, 1950).
16.
William B. Cohen, "The Lure of Empire: Why Frenchmen Entered the Colonial Service", in Journal of Contemporary History , iv, 1 (January 1969), 109-10; cf. idem, Rulers of Empire: The French Colonial Service in Africa (Stanford, California, 1971), 104-6.
17.
Cohen, Rulers, 52, 141-2, 145-6.
18.
Henrika Kuklick , The Imperial Bureaucrat ( Stanford, 1979), 105.
19.
L.H. Gann and Peter Duignan, The Rulers of German Africa 1884-1914 (Stanford, 1977), 89-90, 137.
20.
Martin J. Wiener , English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1981), 55.
21.
Kuklick, The Imperial Bureaucrat, 33-39.
22.
Georges Hardy , Une conquête morale: l'enseignement en A.O.F (Paris, 1917), 15.
23.
Cohen, Rulers , 15-16; Gann and Duignan, The Rulers of German Africa, 90; Kuklick, The Imperial Bureaucrat , 19-20, 33-39.
24.
Cohen, Rulers , 28, 79-83; Hardy, Une conquête morale, 20-21, 129; Aparna Basu, "Policy and Conflict in India: The Reality and Perception of Education", in Altbach and Kelly (eds), op. cit., 61.
25.
R. Freeman Butts , The Education of the West: A Formative Chapter in the History of Civilization (New York, 1973), 531.
26.
Raymond F. Betts , "The French Colonial Frontier", in Charles K. Warner (ed.), From the Ancien Régime to the Popular Front (New York, 1969 ), 127-43.
27.
In the British sphere of reference, see Lord Curzon, Frontiers (Oxford, 1907), 57. For German parallels, see Hugh Ridley, "Germany in the Mirror of its Colonial Literature", in German Life and Letters, new series, xxviii, 4 (July 1975), 375-86, p. 380.
28.
Cohen, Rulers, 104; idem, "The Lure of Empire", 108; H. AlanC. Cairns, Prelude to Imperialism ( London, 1965), 25-30.
29.
Letter to Major Margerie, 4 February 1897, in Lyaufey, Lettres du Tonkin et de Madagascar (Paris, 1920), n, 14-1.
30.
Ibid., 140.
31.
Doris Lessing, The Grass is Singing (1950; Harmondsworth , 1961), 33.
32.
Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness (1902; Harmondsworth, 1973), 71.
33.
Ibid, 70.
34.
Ibid, 100.
35.
Ibid, 72.
36.
Maurice Delafosse, "Etats d'âme d'un colonial", in L 'Afrique française , xix, 5 ( 1909), 164.
37.
Psichari, Terres, 287; cf. 282.
38.
Psichan, Carnets de route (Paris, 1948), 69-70. This separate and little-known edition of the Carnets is more complete than the version published the same year in the rather misleadingly titled Oeuvres complètes.
