Henning Fenger , "Ibsen og Georg Brandes indtil 1872", Edda, lxiv (1964), 169-208 —a full and indispensable account of their relationship, which reprints much scattered material otherwise difficult of access.
7.
S. V., xvi, 325ff.
8.
Letter to Emil Petersen, 4 March 1871.
9.
See Georg Brandes, Leaned (Copenhagen, 1905), i, 380.
10.
Ibid, 379.
11.
Levned, ed. cit., ii, 55ff.
12.
S.V., xvi, 351.
13.
S.V., xvi, 371.
14.
Brandes later reported: "Fourteen days after I had started, my status as a public personality had completely changed. I had become the leading character of the day in the city. The success of my lectures was so enormous that they were being talked about everywhere. Suddenly I had achieved a kind of fame that I had not known before." He added that, halfway through the lecture series in late December, the audience was packed in like sardines: "There were something like 500 people packed into a room meant for 200, and the applause was deafening." (Levned, ed. cit., ii, 65-66.)
15.
S. V., xvii, 30ff.
16.
S. V., xvi, 145.
17.
S.V., xvi, 191f.
18.
Brandes's correspondence with friends about this time contains some rather awe-struck comment on the audacity of Ibsen's expressed views.
19.
S. V., xvi, 350.
20.
S.V., xvi, 373f.
21.
S.V., xiv, 143ff.
22.
How systematic Brandes was in his reading during the years 1859 to 1865 may be gained from the list which he himself compiled of "Laeste Boger" ("Books read"), reprinted in Bertil Nolin, Den gode europén (Uppsala, 1965), a work which gives an authoritative account of Brandes's intellectual development in the years 1871-93 with particular reference to his relationship to English, French, German and Slavic literature.
23.
Levned, ed. cit., i, 310.
24.
Ibid.
25.
Incredibly and inexcusably, this Preface was cut from the standard English-language edition of this work: Alain Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature (6 vols, London, 1923). It therefore remained virtually unknown in the English-speaking world for many years. It may now be found, translated by Evert Sprinchorn, in The Theory of the Modern Stage, ed. by Eric Bentley (Harmondsworth, 1976), 383ff.
26.
Brandes, in a letter to his mother, 18 June 1874.
27.
S. V., xvi, 283.
28.
When Emperor and Galilean eventually appeared, Brandes confessed privately that he "couldn't stand the thing". In a letter to his mother in September 1873, shortly after Emperor and Galilean had been published, he compared Ibsen's drama very unfavourably as a source of wisdom with Paul Heyse's Kinder der Welt, and added: "I am sitting here in pain with Ibsen's 'Julian'. Actually I cannot stand the thing, though of course there are some things in it." He used much the same phrase about it when writing (in Danish) to Edmund Gosse on 22 December 1873: "This Christmas hasn't brought much. I'd be interested to know whether you felt particularly satisfied by Ibsen's Emperor and Galilean. This seems to me improbable, even though competent details are to be found in that work." Paul Krüger, editor of Brandes's correspondence, nevertheless emphasizes the links between Ibsen's drama, Brandes's literary history and contemporary events: "Le drame spéculatif d'Ibsen Kejser og Galilaeer qui parut le 16 octobre 1873 réflète l'impression causée par les événements historiques de l' époque: la guerre franco-allemande, la Commune, la lutte de Bismarck contre les catholiques-par la nouvelle philosophie, la critique biblique et les deux premiers volumes de Hovedströmninger de Brandes." (Correspondence de Georg Brandes (4 vols, Copenhagen, 1952-66), iv, 206.)
29.
S. V., xvi, 375.
30.
Cf. also the views of Ibsen's Norwegian biographer, Halvdan Koht: "In actuality, Ibsen was the most bourgeois individual imaginable, a born conservative. The revolution was entirely internal in his thoughts" (Life of Ibsen (New York, 1971), 269).
