André Tardieu , France and America (New York , 1927). 294. For recent studies of advocates of modernization, see Charles S. Maier. "Between Taylorism and Technocracy: European Ideologies and the Vision of Industrial Productivity in the 1920's", Journal of Contemporary History , v, no. 2 ( 1970), 27-61, and Richard F. Kuisel . "Technocrats and Public Economic Policy: From the Third to the Fourth Republic". Journal of European Economic History (Fall. 1973). Also Kuisel's Ernest Mercier: French Technocrat (Berkeley, 1967).
3.
See, for example, his articles in European Finance, issues of 13 June, 1928 and 2 August, 1929.
4.
André Philip, Le problème ouvrier aux Etats-Unis (Paris. 1927). 260.
5.
For a brief study of French views on Americanization in the 1920s, see P. Gagnon, "French Views of the Second American Revolution ", French Historical Studies, ii, no. 4 (Fall, 1962), 430-49.
6.
Accounts of this transformation abound. Among the earliest and best are Stanley Hoffman et al., In Search of France (Cambridge, Mass., 1963) and the remarkable collective work by Laurance Wylie and his students, Chanzeaux: A Village in Anjou (Cambridge, Mass., 1966). For a popular. mainly uncritical, view of what has happened, see John Ardagh. The New French Revolution (New York, 1969).
7.
See Kuisel article cited above (ref. 2).
8.
Jean Fourastié, Le grand espoir du XXe siècle (Paris, 1963), 140-1. The book was worked out in the late 1940s and early 1950s and has had several editions; citations here are from Gallimard's 1963 "édition définitive".
9.
Ibid., 134.
10.
Ibid., 327.
11.
Ibid., 354.
12.
Fourastié, Lettre ouverte à quatre milliard d'hommes (Paris, 1970), 15.
13.
Ibid., 23.
14.
Ibid., 145.
15.
Ibid., 159.
16.
Jacques Ellul , The Technological Society ( New York, 1964), Foreword, xxxi.
17.
Ibid., 435.
18.
Ibid., 74.
19.
Ibid., 79.
20.
Ibid., 80.
21.
Ibid., 107.
22.
Ibid., 122.
23.
Ibid., 353.
24.
Ibid., 221.
25.
Raymond Aron , Les désillusions du progrès ( Paris, 1969), 177, 178.
26.
Ibid., 14.
27.
Ibid., 287.
28.
Ibid., 340.
29.
Georges Friedmann , Sept études sur l'homme et la technique (Paris, 1966), Introduction.
30.
Ibid., 31. 64.
31.
Ibid., 148.
32.
Bertrand de Jouvenel, Arcadie: Essais sur le mieux vivre (Paris, 1968), 17.
33.
Ibid., 57.
34.
Ibid., 83.
35.
Gérard Mendel.La crise de générations (Paris, 1969 ), 228-38. See also Mendel's La révolte contre le Père (Paris , 1968).
36.
Gabriel Marcel, Man against Mass Society (London. 1952 ), 94, 230.
37.
Gilbert Cesbron.Ce que je crois (Paris, 1970 ), 101.
38.
Michel Crozier, La société bloquée (Paris, 1970 ), 206.
39.
Ibid., 79.
40.
Ibid., 82-83.
41.
Ibid., 170, 238.
42.
See Le Nouvel Observateur (8 February 1971 ), 33-40.
43.
Roger Garaudy, Marxism in the Twentieth Century (New York. 1970), 167, 180.
44.
Alain Touraine, La société post-industrielle (Paris, 1969), 15, 20.
45.
Henri Lefebvre, La vie quotidienne dans le monde moderne (Paris , 1968), 157, 179.
46.
Edgar Morin, Commune en France (Paris, 1967 ), 201, 231.
47.
Philippe Saint-Marc, Socialisation de la nature (Paris, 1971 ).
48.
Daniel and Gabriel Cohn-Bendit. Obsolete Communism: The Left-Wing Alternative (London, 1969), 12. 109, 220. Published in France, 1968, as Le Gauchisme-remède a la maladie sénile du communisme.
49.
"Groupe Hispano". Ouvriers face aux appareils ( Paris, 1970). 14, 25, 166.
50.
Ibid., 158, 161.
51.
André Barjonet, La Révolution trahie de 1968 (Paris. 1968), 26, 42.
52.
René Andrieu, Les Communistes et la Révolution (Paris, 1968), 185-7, 255.
53.
François Mitterand.Ma part de vérité (Paris, 1969), 157, 167, 182.
