Carmen Moran and Margaret Massam, 'An evaluation of humour in emergency work', Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies , 3 ( 1997).
2.
The research cites a study of the staff of a mental hospital: R.L. Coser, 'Laughter amongst colleagues: staff of a mental hospital', Psychiatry , 23 (1960), 81-99.
3.
On incongruity, see A. Koestler, The Act of Creation (London: Hutchinson, 1964).
4.
Victor Raskin, Semantic Mechanisms of Humour (Dordrecht/ Boston/Lancaster: D. Reidel , 1985).
5.
After Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651).
6.
J.Y.T. Greig, Psychology of Laughter (New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1969; 1st edn, 1923).
7.
See, for example, Mark Bryant, World War Two in Cartoons ( London: W. H. Smith, 1989).
8.
Katarzyna Murawska-Muthesius, 'Who drew the Iron Curtain? Images East and West', in Borders in Art: Revisiting 'Kunstgeographie' (proceedings of the Fourth Joint Conference of Polish and English Art Historians, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 1998), ed. K. Murawska-Muthesi (Warsaw : Institute of Art, 2000).
9.
See, for example, the useful compilation in John Parkin (ed.), French Humour (Amsterdam/ Atlanta: Rodopi, 1999).
10.
Roger Little , Guillaume Apollinaire ( London : Athlone Press, 1976), 47.
11.
Ian Higgins , Anthology of First World War French Poetry (Glasgow: University of Glasgow Press, 1996), viii.
12.
Norma Rinsler , 'The war poems of Guillaume Apollinaire', French Studies, 25 (2) (April 1971), 185.
13.
Gérard Genette raises some interesting issues around what is permissible or not permissible as a source of humour in an article entitled 'Morts de rire' in Revue d'esthétique - rires: hommage à Olivier Revault d'Allonnes, vol. 38 ( Paris: Editions. Jean-Michel Place, 2001), 17-22; especially with regard to Roberto Benigni's 1997 film Life is Beautiful.
14.
On postcards, see Marie-Monique Huss, Histoires de famille: 1914-1918, cartes postales et culture de guerre (Paris: Noêsis, 2000);
15.
on cartoons, see Colin Seymour-Ure , Drawn and Quartered. How Wide a World for the Political Cartoon? (1996 Hocken Lecture) ( Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 1997).
16.
See, for example, Lorna Rempel, 'Carnal satire and the constitutional king: George III in James Gillray's "Monstrous Craws at a New Coalition Feast" ' in Cartoon: Caricature: Animation, special issue of Art History, 18 (1) (March 1995).
17.
E.H. Gombrich, A Lifelong Interest: Conversations on Art and Science with Didier Erebon (London: Thames and Hudson , 1993), 46.
18.
They did, however, publish an article together: 'The principles of caricature' , British Journal of Medical Psychology , 17 (1938), 319-42.
19.
Ernst Kris and E.H. Gombrich,Caricature (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1940), 13. Jean-Yves Le Naour uses this argument in his discussion of the cartoon treatment of the Kaiser during the First World War.
20.
E.H. Gombrich, 'The experiment of caricature', in Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation (London: Phaidon Press, 1968), 292 .
21.
See also 'The cartoonist's armory', in Meditations on a Hobby Horse (London and New York: Phaidon, 1978; first published Oxford: Phaidon Press Ltd, 1963), 127-42.
22.
E.H. Gombrich, 'Magic, myth and metaphor: reflections on pictorial satire', a paper delivered to the Congrès International d'Histoire de l'Art, Strasbourg, 1989, reproduced in The Essential Gombrich (London: Phaidon, 1996), 342-3.
23.
Umberto Eco, V.V. Ivanov and Monica Rector, Carnival (The Hague: Mouton Publishers, Approaches to Semiotics series, 1984), 7-8.
24.
Julian Jackson, France, the Dark Years 1940-1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 283.
25.
André Gide , 'Dictée', Nouvelle Revue Française, 33 (1929), 21-2.
26.
Correspondence with the editors, in the course of preparing this volume.
