Drawing on studies dealing with the relationship between family and work, the authors develop a model of youth labor force participation incorporating household, local economic, and individual variables. Data are from the 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample D (PUMS-D) for 16-to 18-year-old males and females living with their parents. The findings suggest that household structural characteristics and family resources have a significant effect on youths entering the labor force. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Agresti, A. (1990). Categorical data analysis. New York: Wiley.
2.
Agresti, A. , & Finlay, B. (1986). Statistic methods for the social sciences. San Francisco: Dellen.
3.
Aldrich, J. H. , & Nelson, F. D. (1984). Linear probability, logit and probit models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
4.
Angell, R. (1936). The family encounters the depression. New York: Scribner.
5.
Ashby, L. (1985). Partial promises and semi-visible youths: The depression and World War II. In J. M. Hawes & N. R. Hiner (Eds.), American childhood: A research guide and historical handbook (pp. 489-532). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
6.
Bakke, E. W. (1935). The unemployed man. London: Nisbet.
7.
Bakke, E. W. (1940a). Citizens without work. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
8.
Bakke, E. W. (1940b). The unemployed worker. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
9.
Barling, J. (1990). Employment, stress and family functioning. New York: Wiley.
10.
Baumer, D. C. , & Van Horn, C. E. (1985). The politics of unemployment. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly.
11.
Borman, K. M. (1991). The first “real” job: A study of young workers. Albany: New York University Press.
12.
Borus, M. (1984). A description of employed and unemployed youth in 1982. In M. Borus (Ed.), Youth and the labor market (pp. 13-55). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
13.
Borus, M. , & Santos, R. (1983). The youth population. In M. Borus (Ed.), Tomorrow's workers (pp. 1-22). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
14.
Bowen, W. , & Finegan, T. A. (1969). The economics of labor force participation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
15.
Browning, H. , & Singelmann, J. (1978). The transformation of the U.S. labor force: The interaction of industry and occupation. Politics & Society, 8, 441-509.
16.
Burkhauser, R. , & Finegan, T. A. (1988, September). The minimum wage: A broken connection. Across the Board, pp. 53-55.
17.
Campbell, K. , Marsden, P., & Hurlbert, J. (1986). Socioeconomic status and network range. Social Networks, 8, 97-117.
18.
Caplovitz, D. (1979). Making ends meet: How families cope with inflation and recession. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
19.
Cavan, R. S. , & Ranck, K. H. (1938). The family and the depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20.
Census of the Population and Housing , 1980. (1983). Public-use microdata samples technical documentation (Prepared by the Data User Services Division, Bureau of the Census). Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census.
21.
Charner, I. , & Frazer, B. S. (1988). Youth and work: What we know; what we don't know; what we need to know (Funded by Youth and America's Future). Washington, DC: The William T. Grant Foundation Commission on Work, Family, and Citizenship. Detroit: Omnigraphics.
22.
Cleary, P. , & Angel, R. (1984). The analysis of relationships involving dichotomous dependent variables. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 334-348.
23.
Committee on Youth Employment and Training Programs . (1985). Youth employment and training programs: The YEDPA years. C. L. Betsey, R. G. Hollister, Jr., & M. R. Papageorgiou (Eds.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
24.
Deseran, F. A. (1984). Farm and nonfarm rural youth in the labor force: Some observations. In H. K. Schwarzweller (Ed.), Research in rural sociology and development: A research annual (Vol. 1, pp. 105-133). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
25.
Deseran, F. A. , & Singelmann, J. (1993). Poverty and deprivation in the Mississippi Delta: Implications of sociological research for social development in an industrial country. International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, 30, 81-101.
26.
Eggebeen, D. , & Hawkins, A. (1990). Economic needs and wives' employment. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 48-66.
27.
Elder, G., Jr. (1974). Children of the great depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28.
Falk, W. (1982). Rural youth and the labor force. In D. Dillman & D. Hobbs (Eds.), Rural society in the U.S.: Issues for the 1980s (pp. 94-102). Boulder, CO: Westview.
29.
Flaim, P. (1979). The effect of demographic changes on the nation's unemployment rate. Monthly Labor Review, 103(3), 13-23.
30.
Freeman, R. (1982). Economic determinants of geographic and individual variation. In R. Freeman & D. Wise (Eds.), The youth labor market problem: Its nature, causes and consequences (pp. 114-145). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31.
Freeman, R. , & Holzer, H. (1986). The Black youth employment crisis: Summary of findings. In R. Freeman & H. Holzer (Eds.), The Black youth employment crisis (pp. 1-20). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32.
Freeman, R. , & Medoff, J. (1982). The youth labor market problem in the United States: An overview. In R. Freeman & D. Wise (Eds.), The youth labor market problem: Its nature, causes and consequences (pp. 35-74). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33.
Freeman, R. , & Wise, D. (1982). The youth labor market problem: Its nature, causes, and consequences. In R. Freeman & D. Wise (Eds.), The youth labor market problem: Its nature, causes and consequences (pp. 1-16). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
34.
Fullerton, H. (1989, November). New labor force projections, spanning 1988 to 2000. Monthly Labor Review, pp. 3-12.
35.
Gans, H. (1982). The urban villagers: Updated and expanded edition. New York: Free Press.
36.
Hahn, A. , & Lerman, R. (1985). What works in youth employment policy?Washington, DC: National Planning Association.
37.
Hanushek, E. , & Jackson, J. (1977). Statistic methods for social sciences. New York: Academic Press.
38.
Hareven, T. (1975). Family and ethnicity in the adjustment to urban life. Labor History, 16, 249-265.
39.
Horan, P. , & Hargis, P. (1991). Children's work and schooling in the late nineteenth century family economy. American Sociological Review, 56, 583-596.
40.
Horan, P. , & Tolbert, C., II. (1984). The organization of work in rural and urban labor markets. Boulder, CO: Westview.
41.
Howe, L. K. (1976). Pink collar workers: Inside the world of women's work. New York: Avon.
42.
Kanter, R. (1977). Work and family in the United States: A critical review and agenda for research and policy. New York: Russell Sage.
43.
Keithly, D. (1992). Youth labor force participation: An analysis of the influence of family and labor market characteristics. Unpublished dissertation, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
44.
Lerman, R. , & Ooms, T. (1988). Family influences on transitions to adult job market: A focus on non-college-bound youth (Published by Youth and America's Future). Washington, DC: The William T. Grant Foundation Commission on Work, Family, and Citizenship.
45.
Levin, M. , & Ferman, B. (1985). The political hand: Policy implementation and youth employment programs. New York: Pergamon.
46.
Lewin-Epstein, N. (1986). Effects of residential segregation and neighborhood opportunity structure in the employment of Black and White youth. Sociological Quarterly, 27, 559-570.
47.
Lynd, R. , & Lynd, H. M. (1965). Middletown in transition: A study in cultural conflicts. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
48.
Magee, E. (1944). Impact of the war on child labor. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 236, 101-109.
49.
Mare, R. , & Winship, C. (1984). The paradox of lessening racial inequality and joblessness among Black youth: Enrollment, enlistment, and employment, 1964-81. American Sociological Review, 49, 39-55.
50.
Mare, R. , Winship, C., & Kubitschek, W. (1984). The transition from youth to adult: Understanding the age pattern of employment. American Journal of Sociology, 90, 326-358.
51.
McLaughlin, V. Y. (1971). Patterns of work and family organization: Buffalo's Italians. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 2, 299-314.
52.
Oppenheimer, V. K. (1982). Work and the family: A study in social demography. New York: Academic Press.
53.
Rees, A. (1986). An essay on youth joblessness. Journal of Economic Literature, 34, 613-628.
54.
Reskin, B. , & Roos, P. (1990). Job queues, gender queues: Explaining women's inroads into male occupations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
55.
Root, K. (1984). The human response to plant closures. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 475, 137-151.
56.
Rowntree, B. (1922). Poverty: A study of town life. London: Macmillan.
57.
Rubinow, I. (1916). Social insurance, with special reference to American conditions. New York: Holt.
58.
Schill, W. , McCartin, R., & Meyer, K. (1985). Youth employment: Its relationship to academic and family variables. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 26, 155-163.
59.
Simon, P. (1987). Let's put America back to work. Chicago: Bonus.
60.
Sokoloff, N. (1980). Between love and money. New York: Praeger.
61.
Sweet, J. (1973). Women in the labor force. New York: Seminar.
62.
Tolbert, C., II , & Killian, M. S. (1987). Labor market areas for the United States (Staff Report No. AGES86071). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture.
63.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources and U.S. Department of Labor . (1986). Count me in: Youth 2000—A national campaign in support of America's youth from now to the year 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
64.
Vice President's Task Force on Youth Employment . (1980). A review of youth employment problems, programs, and policies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
65.
Voydanoff, P. (1983). Unemployment: Family strategies for adaptation. In C. Figley & H. McCubbin (Eds.), Stress and the family, Vol. II: Coping with catastrophe (pp. 90-102). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
66.
Voydanoff, P. (1987). Work and family life. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
67.
Wilensky, H. (1963). The moonlighter: A product of relative deprivation. Industrial Relations, 3, 105-124.
68.
Zimand, G. F. (1944). The changing picture of child labor. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 236, 83-91.