Scholars who argue that girls lose their confidence during adolescence neglect to examine girls who do not lose their voice as teenagers. Based on written interviews and textual analysis of zines produced by girls involved in the feminist subculture of Riot Grrrl, this article maintains that zine making is one way girls form support networks and create a safe space to examine and resist the cultural devaluation of women.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Association of University Women. (1991). Shortchanging girls, shortchanging America [videocassette] (available from the AAUW). Washington, DC: The Foundation.
2.
American Association of University Women. (1993). Hostile hallways: The AAUW survey on sexual harassment in America's schools. Commissioned by the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. Researched by Harris/Scholastic Research. Washington DC: The Foundation.
3.
Brown, L. M. (1991). Telling a girl's life. In C. Gilligan, A. Rogers, & D. Tollman (Eds.), Women, girls, and psychotherapy: Reframing resistance (pp. 71-86). New York: Haworth.
4.
Brown, L. M. (1998). Raising their voices: The politics of girls' anger. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
5.
Carlip, H. (1995). Girl power: Young women speak out. New York: Warner Books.
6.
Echols, A. (1989). Daring to be bad: Radical feminism in America 1967-1975. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
7.
Ferguson, A. (2000). Bad boys: Public schools in the making of Black masculinity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
8.
Freud, S. (1905). The standard education of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XXII). London: Hogarth Press.
9.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
10.
Gilligan, C., & Brown, L. M. (1992). Meeting at the crossroads. New York: Ballantine.
11.
Gilligan, C., Sullivan, A., & Taylor, J. (1995). Beyond voice and silence: Women and girls, race and relationships. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12.
Green, K., & Taormino, T. (1997). A girl's guide to taking over the world: Writings from the girl `zine revolution. New York: St. Martin's Griffin.
13.
Griffiths, V. (1995). Adolescent girls and their friends: A feminist ethnography. London: Aldershot.
14.
Gurian, M. (1998). A fine young man: What parents, mentors, and educators can do to shape adolescent boys into exceptional men. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam.
15.
Hey, V. (1996). The company she keeps: An ethnography of girls' friendships. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
16.
Horney, K. (1926). The flight from womanhood. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 7, 324-339.
17.
Kaplan, E. B. (1997). Not our kind of girl: Unraveling the myths of Black teenage motherhood. Berkeley: University of California Press.
18.
Kearney, M. (1998). Producing girls: Rethinking the study of female youth culture. In S. Inness (Ed.), Delinquents and debutants: Twentieth century American girls' cultures (pp. 285-310). New York: New York University Press.
19.
Kenny, L. D. (2000). Daughters of suburbia: Growing up White, middle class and female. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
20.
Kindlon, D., & Thompson, M. (1999). Raising Cain: Protecting the emotional life of boys.New York: Ballantine.
21.
LeBlanc, L. (1999). Pretty in punk: Girls' gender resistance in a boy's subculture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
22.
Lees, S. (1995). Sugar and spice: Sexuality and adolescent girls. London: Penguin Books.
23.
Lewis, M. (1993). Without a word: Teaching beyond women's silence. New York: Routledge.
24.
Leonard, M. (1997). Rebel girl you are the queen of my world: Feminism, subculture and grrrl power. In S. Whiteley (Ed.), Sexing the groove: Popular music and gender (pp. 230-256). New York: Routledge.
25.
Martin, K. (1996). Puberty, sexuality, and the self: Girls and boys at adolescence. New York: Routledge.
26.
Orenstein, P. (1994). Schoolgirls: Young women, self-esteem and the confidence gap. New York: Anchor.
27.
Peterson, A. (1988). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 583-607.
28.
Pipher, M. (1994). Reviving Ophelia: Saving the selves of adolescent girls. New York: Ballantine.
29.
Pollack, W. (1999). Real boys: Rescuing our sons from the myths of boyhood. New York: Henry Holt.
30.
Sadker, D., & Sadker, M. (1994). Failing at fairness: How America's schools cheat girls. New York: Scribner.
31.
Scott, J. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
32.
Sommers, C. H. (2000). The war against boys: How misguided feminism is harming our young men. New York: Simon & Schuster.
33.
Tolman, D., & Debold, E. (1994). Conflicts of body image: Female adolescents, desire, and the no-body body. In M. Katzman, P. Fallon, & S. Wolley (Eds.), Feminist perspectives on eating disorders. (pp. 301-317). New York: Guilford.
34.
Willis, P. (1977). Learning to labor: How working class kids get working class jobs. New York: Columbia University Press.