In this article, the case of Cluj/Kolozsvar, regional capital of Transylvania, is analysed in order to uncover the geographies of power in which the workers, a category that has often been analytically silenced, have had an important role in reframing the landscape of the city. Principal component analysis is used to clarify the city’s socialist and post-socialist urbanisation processes, and the qualitative data show how the workers appropriated the urban space in a nationalist manner. The workers’ tactics had an important impact, from a relational perspective, on the spatial strategies of the emerging post-socialist middle class.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Belkis D.,Coman G.,Sîrbu C.,Troc G..Urban, social and symbolic constitution of the Manaştur neighborhood.IDEA Arta şi Societate. 2003;5 (3): 110-120
2.
Bodnar J.Evil Paradises: Dreamworlds of Neoliberalism. Davis M.Monk D., ed. New York: New Press; 2007:140-151.
3.
Burawoy M..Marxism without micro-foundations.Socialist Review. 1989;19 (2): 53-86
4.
Burawoy M..Neoclassical sociology: from the end of communism to the end of classes.American Journal of Sociology. 2001;106 (4): 1099-1120
5.
Cao Y.,Nee V..Comment: controversies and evidence in the market transition debate.American Journal of Sociology. 2000;105 (4): 1175-1189
6.
Chelcea L..Ancestors, domestic groups, and the socialist state: housing nationalization and restitution in Romania.Comparative Studies in Society and History. 2003;45 (4): 714-740
7.
Dunn E. C.Privatizing Poland: Baby Food, Big Business, and the Remaking of Labor. New York: Cornell University Press; 2004:
8.
Eyal G.,Szelenyi I.,Townsley E.Making Capitalism without Capitalists: Class Formation and Elite Struggles in Post-communist Central Europe. London: Verso; 1998:
9.
Eyal G.,Szelenyi I.,Townsley E..The utopia of postsocialist theory and the ironic view of history in neoclassical sociology.American Journal of Sociology. 2001;106 (4): 1121-1128
10.
Gille Z.From the Cult of Waste to the Trash Heap of History: The Politics of Waste in Socialist and Postsocialist Hungary. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; 2007:
11.
Hamilton F. E. I.,Dimitrowska Andrews K.,Pichler-Milanovic N.Transformation of Cities in Central and Eastern Europe. Tokyo: United Nations University Press; 2006:
12.
Hamnett C..The new mikado? Tom Slater, gentrification and displacement.City. 2009;13:476-482
13.
Hamnett C..On gentrification ‘I am critical. You are mainstream’: a response to Slater.City. 2010;14 (1/2): 180-186
14.
Haney L.Inventing the Needy: Gender and the Politics of Welfare in Hungary. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 2002:
15.
Heumos P..Workers under communist rule: research in the former socialist countries of eastern-central and south-eastern Europe and in the Federal Republic of Germany.International Review of Social History. 2010;55:83-115
16.
Hirt S.,Kovachev A.The Urban Mosaic of Post-socialist Eastern Europe. Tsenkova S.Nedovic-Budic Z., ed. Dordrecht: Springer; 2006:112-130.
17.
Horváth S..Everyday life in the first Hungarian socialist city.International Labor and Working-class History. 2005;68:24-46
18.
Janson C. G..Factorial social ecology: an attempt at summary and evaluation.Annual Review of Sociology. 1980;6:433-456
19.
Kalb D..Review: frameworks of culture and class in historical research.Theory and Society. 1993;22 (4): 513-537
20.
Kalb D.Expanding Class: Power and Everyday Politics in Industrial Communities. Durham, NC: Duke University Press; 1997:
21.
Working-class Formation: Nineteenth-century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States. Katznelson I.Zolberg A., ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1986:
22.
Kideckel D..Economic images and social change in the Romanian socialist transformation.Dialectical Anthropology. 1988;12 (4): 399-411
23.
Kideckel D.Postsocialism: Ideals, Ideologies, and Practices in Eurasia. Hann C., ed. London: Routledge; 2002:114-132.
24.
Kideckel D.Getting by in Postsocialist Romania: Labor, the Body, and Working Class Culture. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press; 2008:
25.
Kotus J..Changes in the spatial structure of a large Polish city: the case of Poznan.Cities. 2006;23 (5): 364-381
26.
Lascu N..The 1970s of Arhitectura magazine.Arhitectura. 2006;46:70-74
Lazar M..Metastasis of ostentation: black and white illustrations from the tricolor city.IDEA Arts and Society. 2003;15/16:125-134
29.
Vital statistics in the city of Cluj-Napoca. Cluj: National Statistics Institute; 2007:
30.
The Social Impact of Informal Economies in Eastern Europe. Neef R.Stanculescu M. S., ed. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Gower; 2002:
31.
Ost D.The Defeat of Solidarity: Anger and Politics in Postcommunist Europe. New York: Cornell University Press; 2005:
32.
Ourednicek M.,Temelova J..Twenty years after socialism: transformation of Prague’s inner structure.Studia Sociologie. 2009;53 (2): 9-30
33.
Pacione M.Urban Geography: A Global Perspective. London: Routledge; 2009:
34.
Petrovici N.Headlines of Nationalism, Subtexts of Class. Kalb D.Halmai G., ed. New York: Berghahn Books; 2011:57-77.
35.
Pittaway M..Introduction: workers and socialist states in postwar central and eastern Europe.International Labor and Working-class History. 2005;68:1-8
36.
Poenaru F.,Pulay G..Why ethnicity? Everyday nationalism in a Transylvanian town.East Central Europe. 2009;36 (1): 130-137
37.
Riabchuk A..The implications of adaptation discourse for post-communist working classes.Debatte. 2009;17 (1): 55-64
38.
Ruoppila S.,Kährik A..Socio-economic residential differentiation in post-socialist Tallinn.Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 2003;18 (1): 47-73
39.
Sandu D..Status inconsistency as predictor of public action attitudes in Romania.Current Sociology. 2004;52 (6): 989-1020
40.
Slater T..Missing Marcuse: on gentrification and displacement.City. 2009;13 (2/3): 292-311
41.
Slater T..Still missing Marcuse: Hamnett’s foggy analysis in London town.City. 2010;14 (1): 170-179
42.
Smith A.,Stenning A.,Rochovská A.,Światek D..The emergence of a working poor: labour markets, neoliberalisation and diverse economies in post-socialist cities.Antipode. 2009;40 (2): 283-311
43.
Smith D. M.Cities after Socialism. Andrusz G. M.Harloe M.Szelenyi I., ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 1996:70-99.
44.
The Post-socialist City: Urban Form and Space Transformations in Central and Eastern Europe after Socialism. Stanilov K., ed. Dordrecht: Springer; 2007:
45.
Stenning A..For working class geographies.Antipode. 2008;40 (1): 9-14
46.
Sykora L..Processes of socio-spatial differentiation in post-communist Praga.Housing Studies. 1999;14 (5): 679-701
47.
Szelényi I.,Kostello E.The New Institutionalism in Sociology. Nee V.Brinton M., ed. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1998:305-326.
48.
Thompson E. P.The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays. London: Merlin; 1978:
49.
Tismăneanu V.Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 2003:
50.
Tosics I.Transformation of Cities in Central and Eastern Europe. Hamilton F. E. I.Dimitrowska Andrews K.Pichler-Milanovic N., ed. Tokyo: United Nations University Press; 2006:47-78.
51.
Tripon M.Săpător în Piaţa Discordiei. Cluj-Napoca: Mo; 2005:
52.
Troc G..‘Behind the blocks’ or about the current state of the workers’ neighborhoods.IDEA Arta şi Societate. 2003;5 (3): 130-140
53.
The Urban Mosaic of Post-socialist Eastern Europe: Space, Institutions and Policy. Tsenkova S.Nedovic-Budic Z., ed. Dordrecht: Springer; 2006:
54.
Verdery K..Faith, hope, and Caritas in the land of the pyramids, Romania 1990–1994.Comparative Studies in Society and History. 1995;37 (4): 625-669
