This article describes teaching practices used by exemplary elementary teachers noted for their successes with inner-city students. 77Te authors videotaped and interviewed 2 teachers identified as "excellent" by their principal and coteachers. Both of these teachers promoted cultural pluralism and critical thinking, fostered positive relationships among students, and attempted to make the curriculum relevant to students.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Banks, J. A. , & Banks, C. A. (Eds.). (1993). Multicultural education. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
2.
Brooks, J. G. , & Brooks, M. G. (1993). The case for constructivist classrooms. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
3.
Chaskin, R. J., & Rauner, D. M. (Eds.). (1995). Youth and caring. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9).
4.
Cochran-Smith, M. , & Lytle, S. (1993). Inside/outside: Teacher research and knowledge. New York: Teachers College Press.
5.
Elliott, J. (1989). Educational theory and the professional learning of teachers: An overview. Cambridge Journal of Education, 19(1), 81-101.
6.
Elliott, J. (1991). Action research for educational change. Milton Keynes, United Kingdom: Open University Press.
7.
Foster, M. (1990). The politics of race: Through the eyes of African-American teachers. Journal of Education, 172(3), 123-141.
8.
Foster, M. (1995). African American teachers and culturally relevant pedagogy. In J. A. Banks & C. A. Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 570-581). New York: Simon & Schuster.
9.
Grant, C. A. (1994). Best practices in teacher preparation for urban schools: Lessons from the multicultural teacher education literature. Action in Teacher Education, 16(3), 1-18.
10.
Grant, C. A. , & Sleeter, C. E. (1993). Race, class, gender and disability in the classroom. In J. A. Banks & C. A. Banks (Eds.), Multicultural education (pp. 48-68). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
11.
Griggs, S. A. , & Dunn, R. (1995-1996). Multiculturalism and learning style: Implications for urban educational administrators. National Forum of Teacher Education Journal, 5(2), 12-18.
12.
Guild, P. (1994). The culture/learning style connection. Educational Leadership, 51(8), 16-21.
13.
Hale, J. E. (1982). Black children: The roots, culture and learning style. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press.
14.
Henson, K. T. (1996). Teachers as researchers. In J. Sikula, T. J. Butter, & E. Guyton (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education (2nd ed., pp. 53-64). New York: Macmillan.
15.
Hilliard, A. G. (1992). Behavioral style, culture, and teaching and learning. Journal of Negro Education, 61(3), 370-377.
16.
Hillis, M. (1993). Multicultural education and curriculum transformation. The Educational Forum, 58(1), 50-56.
17.
Irvine, J. , & York, D. (1995). Learning styles and culturally diverse students: A literature review. In J. A. Banks & C. A. Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 570-581). New York: Simon & Schuster.
18.
Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2, 34-36.
19.
McLaren, P. (1994). Life in schools: An introduction to critical pedagogy in the foundations of education (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
20.
McNiff, J. (1992). Action research: Principles and practice. London: Routledge.
21.
McNiff, J. (1993). Teaching as learning: An action research approach. London: Routledge.
22.
Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case study research in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23.
Miles, M. , & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
24.
Mitchell, J. (1982). Reflections of a Black social scientist: Some struggles, some doubts, some hopes. Harvard Educational Review, 52(1), 27-44.
25.
Nieto, S. (1992). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education. New York: Longman.
26.
Nixon, J. (Ed.). (1981). A teacher's guide to action research. London: Grant McIntyre.
27.
Noddings, N. (1984). Caring. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
28.
Noddings, N. (1995). Teaching themes of care. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9), 675-679.
29.
Payne, C. (1984). Multicultural education and racism in American schools. Theory into Practice, 23(2), 124-131.
30.
Peterson, K. D. , Bennet, B., & Sherman, D. F. (1991). Themes of uncommonly successful teachers of at-risk students. Urban education, 26(2), 176-194.
31.
Richardson, V. (1994). Teacher inquiry as professional staff development. In S. Hollingsworth & H. Socket (Eds.), Teacher research and educational reform (Ninety-third yearbook of the National Societyfor the Study of Education, pp. 186-199). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32.
Richardson, V. , Anders, P., Tidwell, D., & Lloyd, C. (1991). The relationship between teachers' beliefs and practices in reading comprehension instruction. American Educational Research Journal, 28(3), 559-586.
33.
Shade, B. J. & New, C. A. (1993). Cultural influences on learning: Teaching implications. In J. A. Banks & C. A. Banks (Eds.), Multicultural education (pp. 317-331). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
34.
Skilbeck, M. (1983). Lawrence Stenhouse: Research methodology. British Educational Research Journal, 9(1), 11-20.
35.
Sleeter, C. E. (Ed.). (1991). Empowerment through multicultural education. Albany: State University of New York Press.
36.
Ward, J. V. (1995). Cultivating a morality of care in African-American adolescents: A culture-based model of violence prevention. Harvard Educational Review, 65(2) 175-188.
37.
Watt, M. L. , & Watt, D. L. (1991). Teacher research, action research: The logo action research collaborative. Newton, MA: Education Development Center. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 341686)
38.
Zeichner, K. (1996, April). The development of a regional action research network: Tensions and contradictions. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.
39.
Zeichner, K. , & Teitelbaum, B. (1992). Personalized and inquiry-oriented teacher education. Journal of Education for Teaching, 8(2), 95-117.