"Fate control" and cognitive field dependence both seem to affect the academic performance of low-SES pupils.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AINSWORTH, J. S. (1977) "Personality and intellectual correlates of congruent and incongruent perceptual-expectancy styles in a vocational rehabilitation population." Dissertation Abstracts International 38: 2335B-2336B; University Microfilms No. 77-22, 911.
2.
ALF, E. F., Jr. and N. M. ABRAHAMS (1975) "The use of extreme groups in assessing relationships."Psychometrika40: 563-572.
3.
ARMOR, D. J. (1972) "The evidence on busing."Public Interest (Serial 28): 90-128.
4.
BATTLE, E. S. and J. B. ROTTER (1963) "Children's feelings of personal control as related to social class and ethnic group."J. of Personality31: 482-490.
5.
BORG, W. R. and M. D. GALL (1983) Educational Research. New York: Longman.
6.
BUCKLEY, K. J. (1977) "Field dependence-independence as a correlate of reading achievement in Mexican-American children." Dissertation Abstracts International: 38 7220; University Microfilms No. 78-07, 273.
7.
CHANCE, J. E. (1965) "Internal control of reinforcements and the school learning process." Presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN, March.
8.
COLEMAN, J. S. , E. Q. CAMPBELL, C. J. HOBSON, J. McPHARTLAND, A. M. MOOD, F. D. WEINFIELD, and R. L. YORK (1966) Equality of Educational Opportunity. Catalogue No. FS 5.238-38001. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
9.
CRANDALL, V. C. , W. KATOVSKY, and V. J. CRANDALL (1965) "Children's beliefs in their control of reinforcements in intellectual-academic achievement situations."Child Development362: 91-109.
10.
CRANDALL, V. C. , W. KATOVSKY and A. PRESTON (1962) "Motivational and ability determinants of young children's intellectual achievement behaviors."Child Development33: 643-661.
11.
DOLAN, L. J. , M. M. ENOS, J. W. WICK, and J. K. SMITH (1980) School Attitude Measure. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
12.
DOLAN, L. J. , M. M. ENOS, J. W. WICK, and J. K. SMITH (1983) School Attitude Measure (Technical Bulletin No. 1). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
13.
EHRICH, A. B. , A. BROUGHTON, and G. M. VAUGHT (1977) "Effects of congruence-incongruence between locus of control and field dependence on interpersonal behavior."Social Behavior and Personality5: 65-71.
14.
GARNER, C. W. and E. G. COLE (1984) "A pilot study on the congruency of locus of control and field dependence as related to self-esteem and academic achievement." ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 241 492. Rutgers University, Graduate School of Education. (unpublished)
15.
GARNER, C. W. and F. M. PERRINO (1985) "A pilot study on career choices of high achievers versus non-achievers with reference to locus of control and field dependence." ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 254 749. Rutgers University, Graduate School of Education. (unpublished)
16.
GOODENOUGH, D. R. and S. A. KARP (1961) "Field dependence and intellectual functioning."J. of Abnormal and Social Psychology63: 241-246.
17.
GORDON, E. W. (1969) "Vocational-technical education for the disadvantaged." ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 027 424. Presented at the National Vocational-Technical Teacher Education Seminar.
18.
GORDON, E. W. and D. A. WILKERSON (1966) Compensatory Education for the Disadvantaged. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
19.
GRAVES, T. D. (1961) Time Perspective and the Deferred Gratification Pattern in a Tri-Ethnic Community (Tri-Ethnic Research Report No. 5). Boulder: University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science.
20.
KARP, S. A. (1963) "Field dependence and overcoming embeddedness."J. of Consulting Psychology27: 294-302.
21.
KARP, S. A. , L. SILBERMAN and S. WINTERS (1969) "'Psychological differentiation and socioeconomic status."Perceptual and Motor Skills28: 55-60.
22.
KEMP, B. H. (1970) The Youth We Haven't Served: A Challenge to Vocational Education. Catalogue No. FS 5.280-80038. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
23.
LEFCOURT, H. M. (1976) Locus of Control: Current Trends in Theory and Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
24.
LEFCOURT, H. M. and M. S. TELEGDI (1971) "Perceived locus of control and field dependence as predictors of cognitive activity."J. of Consulting and Clinical Psychology37: 53-56.
25.
McGHEE, P. E. and V. C. CRANDALL (1968) "Beliefs in internal-external control of reinforcement and academic performance."Child Development39: 92-102.
26.
McINTIRE, W. G. and A. S. DREYER (1973) "Relationship of cognitive style to locus of control."Perceptual and Motor Skills37: 553-554.
27.
MILLER, H. L. (1978) Social Foundations of Education: An Urban Focus. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
28.
NOAR, G. (1972) Teaching the Disadvantaged. Washington, DC: National Education Association.
29.
NOWICKI, S. and B. R. STRICKLAND (1973) "A locus of control scale for children."J. of Consulting and Clinical Psychology40: 148-154.
30.
O'LEARY, M. , D. M. DONOVAN, and W. H. HAGUE (1974) "Interpersonal differentiation, locus of control and cognitive style among alcoholics."Perceptual Motor Skills39: 997-998.
31.
OLTMAN, P. K. , E. RASKIN, and H. A. WITKIN (1971) Group Embedded Figures Test. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
32.
RATCHICK, I. (1969) Identification of the Educationally Disadvantaged. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 021 906. Albany: New York State Education Department.
33.
ROTTER, J. B. (1954) Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. New York: Prentice-Hall.
34.
ROTTER, J. B. (1966) "Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement."Psych. Monographs: General and Applied80: 1-26.
35.
SATTERLY, D. J. (1976) "Cognitive styles, spatial ability, and school achievement."J. of Educ. Psych.68: 36-42.
36.
SEELY, O. F. (1976) "Field dependence-independence, internal-external locus of control, and implementation of family planning goals."Psych. Reports38: 1216-1218.
37.
SHAW, R. L. and N. P. UHL (1969) "Relationship between locus of control scores and reading achievement of black and white second grade children from two socio-economic levels." Presented at the 15th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, New Orleans.
38.
ST. JOHN, N. H. (1970) "Desegregation and minority group performance."Rev. of Educ. Research40: 111-134.
39.
TOBACYK, J. J. , A. BROUGHTON, and C. M. VAUGHT (1975) "Effects of congruence-incongruence between locus of control and field dependence on personality functioning."J. of Consulting and Clinical Psychology43: 81-85.
40.
UTLEY, C. A. (1983)"Across-cultural investigation of field-dependence/field-independence as a psychological variable in Menominee native-American and Euro-American grade school students. " Dissertation Abstracts International 43: 3857; University Microfilms No. 70-54,664.
41.
VERNON, P. E. (1972) "The distinctiveness of field independence."J. of Personality40: 366-388.
42.
WALKER, R. (1971) What Vocational Education Teachers Should Know About Disadvantaged Youth in Rural Areas. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 059 352. Columbus: National Center for Vocational Education.
43.
WIGFIELD, A. and S. R. ASHER (1984) "Social and motivational influences on reading," in D. Pearsonet al. (eds.) Handbook of Reading Research. New York: Longman.
44.
WILLEY, D. L. (1978) "The relationship of locus of control to self-esteem and six measures of reading." ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 178 786. Presented at the 24th Annual Meeting at the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.
45.
WITKIN, H. A. and D. R. GOODENOUGH (1977) "Field dependence and interpersonal behavior."Psych. Bull.84: 661-689.
46.
WITKIN, H. A. and D. R. GOODENOUGH (1981) Cognitive Styles: Essence and Origins of Field Dependence and Field Independence. New York: International University Press.
47.
WITKIN, H. A. and S. A. KARP (1967) "Stability of cognitive style from childhood to young adulthood."J. of Personality and Social Psychology7: 291-300.
48.
WITKIN, H.A. , C. A. MOORE, D.R. GOODENOUGH, and P. W. COX (1977) "Field dependent and field-independent cognitive styles and their educational implication."Rev. of Educ. Research47: 1-64.
49.
WITKIN, H. A. , C. A. MOORE, P. K. OLTMAN, D. R. GOODENOUGH, F. FRIEDMAN, D. R. OWEN, and E. RASKIN (1977) "Role of field-dependent and field independent cognitive styles in academic evolution: a longitudinal study."J. of Educ. Psychology69: 197-211.
50.
WITKIN, H. A. , P. K. OLTMAN, E. RASKIN, and S. A. KARP (1971) A Manual for the Embedded Figures Test. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.