School Correlates of Academic Behaviors and Performance Among McKinney

Abstract

We utilized a pooled sample of elementary, middle, and high school–aged children identified as homeless via definitions set forth by McKinney–Vento legislation in a large urban district in California to estimate the extent to which school factors contributed to student attendance, suspensions, test-taking behaviors, and performance on state standardized achievement tests (N = 2,618 students in 111 schools). Results of multi-level models indicated that school factors, including school truancy and average school reading and mathematics proficiency rates, contributed to individual student outcomes. Students identified as English language learners or receiving special education services performed relatively more poorly than peers across outcomes considered.

Keywords

homeless children academic outcomes McKinney–Vento legislation school effects academic achievement elementary school high school middle school school effectiveness

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Algina

Swaminathan

(2011). Centering in two-level nested designs. In. Hox

Roberts

(Eds.), The handbook of advanced multilevel data analysis (pp. 285-312). New York, NY: Routledge.

Archambault

Janosz

Fallu

J. S.

Pagani

L. S.

(2009). Student engagement and its relationship with early high school dropout. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 651-670.

Balfanz

Herzog

Mac Iver

(2007). Preventing student disengagement and keeping students on the graduation path in urban middle grades schools: Early identification and effective interventions. Educational Psychologist, 42, 223-235.

Bryk

A. S.

Sebring

P. B.

Allensworth

Easton

J. Q.

Luppescu

(2010). Organizing schools for improvement: Lessons from Chicago. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Bryk

A. S.

Thum

Y. M.

(1989). The effects of high school organization on dropping out: An exploratory investigation. American Educational Research Journal, 26, 353-383.

Buckner

J. C.

(2008). Understanding the impact of homelessness on children: Challenges and future research directions. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 721-736.

Buckner

J. C.

(2012). Education research on homeless and housed children living in poverty Comments on Masten, Fantuzzo, Herbers, and Voight. Educational Researcher, 41, 403-407.

Caldas

S. J.

(1993). Reexamination of input and process factor effects on public school achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 86, 206-214.

Christenson

S. L.

Reschly

A. L.

(2010). Check & connect: Enhancing school completion through student engagement. In Doll

Pfohl

Yoon

J. S.

(Eds.), Handbook of prevention science (pp. 327-348). New York, NY: Routledge.

10.

Cunningham

Harwood

Hall

(2010). Residential instability and the McKinney-Vento homeless children and education program. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412115-mckinney-vento-program.pdf

11.

Cutuli

J. J.

Desjardins

C. D.

Herbers

J. E.

Long

J. D.

Heistad

Chan

C. K.

Masten

A. S.

(2013). Academic achievement trajectories of homeless and highly mobile students: Resilience in the context of chronic and acute risk. Child Development, 84, 841-857.

12.

de Bradley

A. A.

(2015). Homeless educational policy: Exploring a racialized discourse through a Critical Race Theory lens. Urban Education, 50, 839-869.

13.

Dee

T. S.

Jacob

(2011). The impact of No Child Left Behind on student achievement. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 30, 418-446.

14.

Dunn

M. C.

Kadane

J. B.

Garrow

J. R.

(2003). Comparing harm done by mobility and class absence: Missing students and missing data. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 28, 269-288.

15.

Ellis

A. L.

Geller

K. D.

(2014). Unheard and unseen: How housing insecure African American adolescents experience the education system. Education and Urban Society. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0013124514541144

16.

Enders

C. K.

Tofighi

(2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12, 121-136.

17.

Fantuzzo

J. W.

LeBoeuf

W. A.

Brumley

Perlman

(2013). A population-based inquiry of homeless episode characteristics and early educational well-being. Children and Youth Services Review, 35, 966-972.

18.

Fantuzzo

J. W.

LeBoeuf

W. A.

Chen

C. C.

Rouse

H. L.

Culhane

D. P.

(2012). The unique and combined effects of homelessness and school mobility on the educational outcomes of young children. Educational Researcher, 41, 393-402.

19.

Fantuzzo

J. W.

LeBoeuf

W. A.

Rouse

H. L.

(2014). An investigation of the relations between school concentrations of student risk factors and student educational well-being. Educational Researcher, 43, 25-36.

20.

Fredricks

J. A.

Blumenfeld

P. C.

Paris

A. H.

(2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74, 59-109.

21.

Gottfried

M. A.

(2009). Excused versus unexcused: How student absences in elementary school affect academic achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 31, 392-415.

22.

Gottfried

M. A.

(2010). Evaluating the relationship between student attendance and achievement in urban elementary and middle schools: An instrumental variables approach. American Educational Research Journal, 47, 434-465.

23.

Gottfried

M. A.

(2011a). Absent peers in elementary years: The negative classroom effects of unexcused absences on standardized testing outcomes. Teachers College Record, 113, 1597-1632.

24.

Gottfried

M. A.

(2011b). The detrimental effects of missing school: Evidence from urban siblings. American Journal of Education, 117, 147-182.

25.

Gottfried

M. A.

(2012). Understanding the institutional-level factors of urban school quality. Teachers College Record, 114(12), 1-32.

26.

Herbers

J. E.

Cutuli

J. J.

Lafavor

T. L.

Vrieze

Leibel

Obradović

Masten

A. S.

(2011). Direct and indirect effects of parenting on the academic functioning of young homeless children. Early Education and Development, 22, 77-104.

27.

Jimerson

Egeland

Sroufe

L. A.

Carlson

(2000). A prospective longitudinal study of high school dropouts: Examining multiple predictors across development. Journal of School Psychology, 38, 525-549.

28.

Kearney

C. A.

(2008). An interdisciplinary model of school absenteeism in youth to inform professional practice and public policy. Educational Psychology Review, 20, 257-282.

29.

Konstantopoulos

Borman

G. D.

(2011). Family background and school effects on student achievement: A multilevel analysis of the Coleman data. Teachers College Record, 113, 97-132.

30.

Lamdin

D. J.

(1996). Evidence of student attendance as an independent variable in education production functions. Journal of Educational Research, 89, 155-162.

31.

Masten

A. S.

Herbers

J. E.

Desjardins

C. D.

Cutuli

J. J.

McCormick

C. M.

Sapienza

J. K.

. . . Zelazo

P. D.

(2012). Executive function skills and school success in young children experiencing homelessness. Educational Researcher, 41, 375-384.

32.

Masten

A. S.

Miliotis

Graham-Bermann

S. A.

Ramirez

Neemann

(1993). Children in homeless families: Risks to mental health and development. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 335-343.

33.

McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act of 2001, Title VII, Subtitle B; 42 U.S.C. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/programs/homeless/legislation.html

34.

Miller

P. M.

(2011a). A critical analysis of the research on student homelessness. Review of Educational Research, 81, 308-337.

35.

Miller

P. M.

(2011b). An examination of the McKinney-Vento Act and its influence on the homeless education situation. Educational Policy, 25, 424-450.

36.

Miller

P. M.

Bourgeois

A. K.

(2013). Considering the geographic dispersion of homeless and highly mobile students and families. Educational Researcher, 42, 242-249.

37.

Miller

P. M.

Schreiber

(2012). Multilevel considerations of family homelessness and schooling in the recession era. Journal of School Leadership, 22, 147-185.

38.

Milner

H. R.

(2014). Studying and addressing homelessness in urban communities. Urban Education, 49, 3-7.

39.

National Center for Homeless Education. (2012). Education for homeless children and youth program: Data collection summary. Retrieved from http://center.serve.org/nche/downloads/data_comp_0909-1011.pdf

40.

National Center for Homeless Education. (2014). Education for homeless children and youth program: Consolidated state performance data: School years 2010-11, 2011-12, and 2012-13. Greensboro, NC: Author.

41.

Obradovic

Long

J. D.

Cutuli

J. J.

Chan

C. K.

Hinz

Heistad

Masten

A. S.

(2009). Academic achievement of homeless and highly mobile children in an urban school district: Longitudinal evidence on risk, growth, and resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 493-518.

42.

Raudenbush

S. W.

Bryk

(2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

43.

Rumberger

R. W.

Rotermund

(2012). The relationship between engagement and high school dropout. In Christenson

Reschly

A. L.

Wylie

(Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 491-513). New York, NY: Springer.

44.

Rutter

Maughan

(2002). School effectiveness findings 1979–2002. Journal of School Psychology, 40, 451-475.

45.

Schoeneberger

J. A.

(2012). Longitudinal attendance patterns: Developing high school dropouts. Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 85, 7-14.

46.

Stone

(2007). Child maltreatment, out-of-home placement and academic vulnerability: A fifteen-year review of evidence and future directions. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 139-161.

47.

Teddlie

Reynolds

(2000). The international handbook of school effectiveness research. London, England: Falmer Press.

48.

Tierney

W. G.

Hallett

R. E.

(2012). Homeless youth and educational policy: A case study of urban youth in a metropolitan area. Advances in Education in Diverse Communities, 8, 49-78. doi:10.1108/S1479-358X(2012)0000008008

49.

Tobin

K. J.

(2016). Homeless students and academic achievement: Evidence from a large urban area. Urban Education, 51, 197-220.

School Correlates of Academic Behaviors and Performance Among McKinney–Vento Identified Youth

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References