In this article, the authors use a special data set compiled for 60 U.S. metropolitan areas to examine 1970-1980 trends in the distribution of family income and shifts in the degree of segregation between income groups. They document how these changes contributed to increases in the spatial concentration of affluence and poverty during the 1970s and estimate simple descriptive models that connect these outcomes to broader socioeconomic trends in U.S. urban areas.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Blackburn, M. L. , and D. E. Bloom. 1985. What is happening to the middle class?American Demographics7:18-25.
2.
Duncan, O. B. , and B. Duncan. 1955. Residential distribution and occupational stratification. American Journal of Sociology60:493-503.
3.
Duncan, G. J. , T. M. Smeeding, and W. Rodgers. 1992. The incredible shrinking middle class. American Demographics14:34-39.
4.
Eggers, M. L. , and Douglas S. Massey. 1991. The structural determinants of urban poverty: A comparison of whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Social Science Research20:217-255.
5.
Eggers, M. L. , and Douglas S. Massey. 1992. A longitudinal analysis of urban poverty: Blacks in U.S. metropolitan areas between 1970 and 1980. Social Science Research21:175-203.
6.
Frey, W. H. , and A. Speare, Jr.1988. Regional and metropolitan growth and decline in the United States. New York: Russell Sage.
7.
Garreau, J.1991. Edge city: Life on the New Frontier. New York: Doubleday.
8.
Gilens, M. 1990. Racial attitudes and opposition to the welfare state. Ph.D. diss., Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley.
9.
James, D. R. , and K. E. Taeuber. 1985. Measures of segregation. In Sociological methodology 1985, edited by N. B. Tuma, 1-32. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
10.
Kasarda, J. D.1988. Jobs, migration, and emerging urban mismatches. In Urban change and poverty, edited by M.G.H. McCeary and L. E. Lynn, Jr., 148-198. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
11.
Kaus, M.1992. The end of equality. New York: Basic Books.
12.
Levy, F.1987. Dollars and dreams: The changing American income distribution. New York: Russell Sage.
13.
Lieberson, S.1980. A piece of the pie: Blacks and white immigrants since 1880. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
14.
Massey, D. S.1990. American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass. American Journal of Sociology95:329-357.
15.
Massey, D. S. , and N. A. Denton. 1987. Trends in the residential segregation of blacks, Hispanics, and Asians: 1970-1980. American Sociological Review52:802-825.
16.
Massey, D. S. , and N. A. Denton. 1988. The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces67:281-315.
17.
Massey, D. S. , and M. L. Eggers. 1990. The ecology of inequality: Minorities and the concentration of poverty 1970-1980. American Journal of Sociology95:1153-1188.
18.
Massey, D. S. , and A. B. Gross. 1991. Explaining trends in residential segregation 1970-1980. Urban Affairs Quarterly27:13-35.
19.
Moffitt, R.1990. Has state redistribution policy grown more conservative?National Tax Journal3:123-142.
20.
Murray, C.1984. Losing ground: American social policy, 1950-1980. New York: Basic Books.
21.
Oaxaca, R.1977. The persistence of male-female earnings differentials. In The distribution of economic well-being, edited by T. Juster, 303-344. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
22.
Olsen, M. E.1990. The affluent prosper while everyone else struggles. Sociological Focus23:73-87.
23.
Phillips, K.1990. The politics of rich and poor: Wealth and the American electorate in the Reagan aftermath. New York: Random House.
24.
Schuman, H. , and L. Bobo. 1988. Survey-based experiments on white racial attitudes toward residential integration. American Journal of Sociology2:273-299.
25.
Scott, A. J.1988. Metropolis: From the division of labor to urban form. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
26.
Smith, J. P.1988. Poverty and the family. In Divided opportunities: Minorities, poverty, and social policy, edited by G. D. Sandefur and M. Tienda, 141-172. New York: Plenum.
27.
U.S. Bureau of the Census . 1970. Census of population and housing 1970, fourth count summary tapes, file A. [MRDF] DUALabs ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census [producer]. Rosslyn, VA: Data Use and Access Laboratories (DUALabs) [distributor].
28.
U.S. Bureau of the Census . 1980. Census of population and housing 1980, summary tape file 4A. [MRDF] NPDC ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census [producer]. Ithaca, NY: National Planning Data Corporation (NPDC) [distributor].
29.
U.S. Bureau of the Census . 1986. 1986 statistical abstract of the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
30.
Wilson, W. J.1987. The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.