Although liberal and communitarian interpretations of citizenship differ profoundly, they nevertheless offer essentially similar prescriptions in support of empowered localities. The authors argue, instead, that the rejected alternative of consolidated government better promotes both interpretations of effective citizenship. They develop this argument by more fully specifying the behavioral implications of the two views of citizenship and theoretically linking those behaviors to fragmented and consolidated urban institutions using the Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect model introduced by Lyons and Lowery in 1986. They then test the central proposition derived from that analysis using a comparison group design.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations . 1987. The organization of local public economies. Washington, DC: Author.
2.
Bailyn, B.1967. The ideological origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
3.
Barber, B.1984. Strong democracy. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
4.
Bellah, R. N. , R. Madsen, W. M. Sullivan, A. Swindler, and S. M. Tipton. 1985. Habits of the heart. New York: Harper & Row.
5.
Bish, R. L.1971. The public economy of metropolitan areas. Chicago: Markham.
6.
Bish, R. L. , and V. Ostrom. 1973. Understanding urban government. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
7.
Buchanan, J. M.1975. The limits of liberty. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
8.
Crenson, M. A.1983. Neighborhood politics. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
9.
Dagger, R.1981. Metropolis, memory, and citizenship. American Journal of Political Science24:715-737.
10.
Dahl, R.1967. The city in the future of democracy. American Political Science Review61:953-970.
11.
Danielson, M. N.1976. The politics of exclusion. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
12.
Elkin, S. L.1987. City and regime in the American republic. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
13.
Fainstein N. I. , and S. S. Fainstein. 1980. Mobility, community, and participation: The American way out. In Residential mobility and public policy, edited by W.A.V. Clark and E. G. Moore, 242-262. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
14.
Finifter, A. W.1972. Alienation and the social system. New York: Wiley.
15.
Fredrickson, G. , ed. 1973. Neighborhood control in the 1970s. New York: Chandler.
16.
Galston, W.1982. Defending liberalism. American Political Science Review76:621-629.
17.
Galston, W.1988. Liberal virtues. American Political Science Review82:1277-1292.
18.
Hamilton, B. , E. Mills, and D. Puryear. 1975. The Tiebout hypothesis and residential income segregation. In Fiscal zoning and land use controls, edited by E. Mills and W. Oates, 101-108. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
19.
Harrigan, J. J.1989. Political change in the metropolis. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
20.
Hirschman, A. O.1970. Exit, voice, and loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
Long, N. E.1962. The polity. Chicago: Rand McNally.
23.
Lowery, D. , and W. E. Lyons. 1989. The impact of jurisdictional boundaries: An individual-level test of the Tiebout model. Journal of Politics51:73-97.
24.
Lyons, W. E.1977. The politics of city-county merger. Lexington: Univ. of Kentucky Press.
25.
Lyons, W. E. , and D. Lowery. 1986. The organization of political space and citizen responses to dissatisfaction in urban communities: An integrative model. Journal of Politics48:321-346.
26.
Lyons, W. E. , and D. Lowery. 1989. Citizen responses to dissatisfaction in urban communities: A partial test of a general model. Journal of Politics51:841-868.
27.
Milbrath, L. , and M. L. Goel. 1977. Political participation. Chicago: Rand McNally.
28.
Mills, E. , and W. Oates, eds. 1975. Fiscal zoning and land use controls. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
29.
Oakerson, R. J. , R. B. Parks, and H. A. Bell. 1987. How fragmentation works-St. Louis style. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.
30.
Orbell, J. , and T. Uno. 1972. The theory of neighborhood problem solving: Political action vs. residential mobility. American Political Science Review66:471-489.
31.
Ostrom, V.1977. Structure and performance. In Comparing urban service delivery systems, edited by V. Ostrom and F. P. Bish, 38-47. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
32.
Ostrom, V. , R. L. Bish, and E. Ostrom. 1988. Local government in the United States. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies.
33.
Ostrom, V. , C. Tiebout, and R. Warren. 1961. The organization of government in metropolitan areas. American Political Science Review55:831-842.
34.
Perry, D. C.1973. The suburb as a model for neighborhood control. In Neighborhood control in the 1970s, edited by G. Fredrickson, 85-100. New York: Chandler.
35.
Schneider, M. , and J. R. Logan. 1982. Suburban racial segregation and black access to local public resources. Social Science Quarterly63:762-770.
36.
Schwartz, N. L.1988. The blue guitar: Political representation and the community. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
37.
Sharp, E. B.1984. Citizen demand-making in the urban context. American Journal of Political Science28:654-670.
38.
Thigpen, R. B. , and L. A. Downing. 1987. Liberalism and the communitarian critique. American Journal of Political Science31:637-655.
39.
Tiebout, C. M.1956. A pure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political Economy64:416-424.
40.
Wells, H. G. [1904] 1961. Administrative areas. In Democracy in urban America, edited by O. P. Williams and C. Press, 145-154. Chicago: Rand McNally.
41.
Whitaker, G. P.1980. Coproduction: Citizen participation in service delivery. Public Administration Review40:240-246.
42.
Wood, R. C.1961a. 1400 governments. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
43.
Wood, R. C.1961b. The new metropolis. In Democracy in urban America, edited by O. P. Williams and C. Press, 178-191. Chicago: Rand McNally.
44.
Wood, R. C.1966. Suburbia: The fiscal roots of political fragmentation and differentiation. In Metropolitan politics, edited by M. N. Danielson, 88-99. Boston: Little, Brown.
45.
Zimmerman, J. F.1972. The federated city. New York: St. Martin's.
