After establishing that the distribution of federal and state aid to cities in New Jersey and New York was stable between 1976 and 1984, the author examines the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and aid receipts. When single years are examined, both federal and state payments are found to be broadly redistributive, especially in New Jersey. However, when change over these years is examined, the greatest federal losses are found for cities with the highest socioeconomic needs. Changes in New Jersey were more responsive to urban distress. Discussion of these differences focuses on dissimilarities in the political compromises that are reached at the state government level.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adams, C. T.1989. Spending cuts and central/local relations under Reagan and Thatcher. In Constitutional regimes and the city, edited by H. J. Pratt, C. D. Elder, and H. Wolman, 50-75. Detroit, MI: Center for Urban Studies, Wayne State University.
2.
Benjamin, G.1988. The political relationship. In The two New Yorks: State-city relations in the changing federal system, edited by G. Benjamin and C. Brecher, 107-150. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
3.
Bennett, R. J.1982. Central grants to local governments. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
4.
Blydenburgh, J.1975. Party organizations. In Politics in New Jersey, edited by A. Rosenthal and J. Blydenburgh, 100-137. New Brunswick, NJ: Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University.
5.
Burchell, R. W. , J. H. Carr, R. L. Floridin, and J. Nemeth. 1984. The new reality of municipal finance: The rise and fall of the intergovernmental city. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University.
6.
Christian, C. M.1982. The impact of federal and state policies upon local government's financial condition. In Modern metropolitan systems, edited by C. M. Christian and R. A. Harper, 417-453. Columbus, OH: C. E. Merrill.
7.
Churgin, M. J. , P. H. Ehrenberg, and P. T. Gross. 1972. A statistical analysis of school finance decisions: On winning battles and losing wars. Yale Law Journal81: 1303-1341.
8.
Citrin, J.1984. Introduction: The legacy of Proposition 13. In California and the American tax revolt, edited by T. Schwadron and P. Richter, 1-69. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
9.
Clark, T. N. , L. C. Ferguson, and R. Y. Shapiro. 1982. Functional performance analysis: A new approach to the study of municipal expenditure and debt. Political Methodology8: 87-123.
10.
Connery, R. H. , and G. Benjamin. 1979. Rockefeller of New York: Executive power in the statehouse. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press.
11.
Cotter, C. P. , J. L. Gibson, J. F. Bibby, and R. J. Huckhorn. 1984. Party organization in American politics. New York: Praeger.
12.
Dye, T. R. , and T. L. Hurley. 1978. The responsiveness of federal and state governments to urban problems. Journal of Politics40: 196-207.
13.
Farnham, P. G.1986. The impact of government functional responsibility on local expenditure. Urban Affairs Quarterly20: 151-165.
14.
Flandermeyer, R. H. 1976. Geographical implications of external funding for rural towns in Missouri. Ph.D. diss., University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
15.
Fossett, J. W.1983. Federal aid to big cities: The politics of dependence. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
16.
Gold, S. D.1983. State and local fiscal relations in the early 1980s. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
17.
Gray, V.1976. Models of comparative state politics: A comparison of cross-sectional and time-series data. American Journal of Political Science20: 235-256.
18.
Green, C. B. , and P. D. Moore. 1988. Public finance. In The two New Yorks: State-city relations in the changing federal system, edited by G. Benjamin and C. Brecher, 211-242. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
19.
Hill, R. C.1974. Separate and unequal: Governmental inequality in the metropolis. American Political Science Review58: 1557-1568.
20.
Hoggart, K.1989. Economy, polity and urban public expenditure. Brookfield, VT: Gower.
21.
Hoggart, K. . 1990. Riots and urban public expenditure: New Jersey and Pennsylvania 1962-74. Urban Geography11: 347-372.
22.
Iowa Legislative Fiscal Bureau . 1982. A study of federal funds cutback effects on Iowa cities. Des Moines: Author.
23.
Levine, C. H. , and P. L. Posner. 1981. The centralizing effects of austerity on the intergovernmental system. Political Science Quarterly96: 67-85.
24.
Liebert, R. J.1974. Municipal functions, structure and expenditures. Social Science Quarterly54: 765-783.
25.
Liebschutz, S. F. , and I. Lurie. 1987. New York. In Reagan and the cities, edited by R. P. Nathan and F. C. Doolittle, 169-207. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
26.
Logan, J. R.1988. Fiscal and developmental crises in black suburbs. In Business elites and urban development, edited by S. Cummings, 333-356. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press.
27.
Logan, J. R. , and M. Schneider. 1981. The stratification of metropolitan suburbs, 1960-1970. American Sociological Review46: 175-186.
28.
MacManus, S. A.1978. Revenue patterns in U.S. cities and suburbs. New York: Praeger.
29.
MacManus, S. A. . 1988. The missing element: An examination of analytic time frames. Urban Affairs Quarterly24: 39-45.
30.
Martin, K. , and K. P. Wilkinson. 1984. Local participation in the federal grants system: Effects of community action. Rural Sociology49: 374-388.
31.
Mollenkopf, J. H.1983. The contested city. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
32.
New Jersey Cabinet Committee on Urban Policy . 1978. An assessment of New Jersey's urban programs. Trenton: Author.
33.
New Jersey Department of Community Affairs . 1961-1984. Annual report of the division of local government services: Statement of financial condition of counties and municipalities. Trenton: Author.
34.
New York Department of State . 1982. Local government handbook. Albany: Author.
35.
New York Office of the State Comptroller . 1976-1984. Special report on municipal affairs. Albany: Author.
36.
Newton, K.1975. American urban politics: Social class, political structure and public goods. Urban Affairs Quarterly11: 241-264.
37.
Pelissero, J. P. 1982. State government responsiveness to urban problems: An analysis of state aid to cities over time. Ph.D. diss., University of Oklahoma, Norman.
38.
Peterson, P. E.1981. City limits. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
39.
Piven, F. F. , and R. A. Cloward. 1982. The new class war: Reagan's attack on the welfare state and its consequences. New York: Pantheon.
40.
Pomper, G. M.1979. Electoral trends. In Politics in New Jersey. Revised edition, edited by R. Lehne and A. Rosenthal, 29-56. New Brunswick, NJ: Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University.
41.
Schepps, F. 1982. Econometric analysis of local government spending. Ph.D. diss., State University of New York, Binghampton.
42.
Schneider, M.1986. Changing intergovernmental aid and local government expenditure patterns. Polity19: 254-269.
43.
Schneider, M. , and J. R. Logan. 1985. Suburban municipalities: The changing system of intergovernmental relations in the mid 1970s. Urban Affairs Quarterly21: 87-105.
44.
Shefter, M.1985. Political crisis/fiscal crisis: The collapse and revival of New York City. New York: Basic Books.
45.
Stein, R. M.1981. The allocation of federal aid monies: The synthesis of demand-side and supply-side explanations. American Political Science Review75: 334-343.
46.
Ward, P. D.1981. The measurement of federal and state responsiveness to urban problems. Journal of Politics43: 83-101.
47.
Weiler, C.1974. Philadelphia: Neighborhood, authority and urban crisis. New York: Praeger.
48.
Wilson, L. A.1987. Trend and drift and their implications for cross-sectional analysis: An investigation of possible method bias. Policy Studies Review7: 326-346.
49.
Zimmerman, J. F.1981. The government and politics of New York State. New York: New York Univ. Press.
50.
Zimmerman, J. F. . 1983. State-local relations: A partnership approach. New York: Praeger.
